Reject health threats, come on, young you | Science popularization time

Today is the May 4th Youth Day, pay tribute to the youth, cheer for the youth!

Young people are a unique group, synonymous with being agile, quick, sensitive, eager to learn, and energetic. Young people are not only a new force in all walks of life, but also the hope of the country and nation. Therefore, the health of young people deserves more attention.

Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital analyzed physical examination data of 33,000 young people in 2023 and found that the detection rate of thyroid nodules was 40.2%, the detection rate of lung nodules was 33.6%, and the detection rate of overweight and obesity was 32.4%. Experts suggest that young people should pay special attention to the above three types of diseases.

Thyroid nodules Among all thyroid nodules, benign nodules account for the majority, and malignant nodules account for only 5% to 10%.

Different types of nodules have different treatment recommendations. If a first-degree relative has a history of thyroid cancer and has a history of ionizing radiation exposure, the risk of thyroid cancer will be increased. It is recommended to seek medical treatment actively.

Benign thyroid nodules usually do not require treatment, but those with benign nodules should avoid risk factors that may promote the growth of nodules, such as hypothyroidism, iodine deficiency, smoking, ionizing radiation of the head and neck, obesity, metabolic syndrome, and psychological stress. .

Pulmonary nodules Pulmonary nodules generally refer to round-like high-density shadows with a diameter of no more than 3 cm in the lungs.

With the application of low-dose spiral CT in early screening of lung cancer, pulmonary nodules are becoming more and more common nowadays. The malignant risk of pulmonary nodules is closely related to the size and density of the nodules.

The treatment of pulmonary nodules requires a case-by-case analysis. Take ground-glass nodules as an example. If they shrink significantly during follow-up, it is generally considered to be inflammation or intrapulmonary hemorrhage. If the nodules do not change much, they are considered to be precancerous lesions. However, since it takes more than 10 years to develop into cancer from this stage, Follow-up can still be continued; if the nodule gradually becomes larger and solid, or is considered malignant in combination with other characteristics, surgical treatment is recommended.

Risk factors that promote the occurrence and development of pulmonary nodules include: smoking, dust environment, repeated lung infections, other chronic lung diseases, long-term mental depression and long-term lack of sleep, etc.

Overweight and Obesity Obesity is a chronic metabolic disease, and overweight is the early manifestation of obesity. In medicine, body mass index, waist circumference and visceral fat area are usually used to define overweight or obesity.

1.BMI24.0≤BMI<28.0 is overweight, and BMI≥28.0 is obese.

2. Waist circumference ≥90 cm for men and ≥85 cm for women is central obesity.

3. Visceral fat area: Visceral fat area exceeding 100 square centimeters is visceral obesity.

Overweight and obesity are not simply fat accumulation. Their effects on the body also include sex hormone disorders, metabolic disorders and body inflammation. They can cause sleep apnea, polycystic ovary syndrome, increase joint burden, and are responsible for many chronic diseases and more than 10 kinds of diseases. Risk factors for malignancy.

Compared with simple obesity, central and visceral obesity are more harmful to young people.

Factors that contribute to overweight and obesity include insufficient sleep, excessive dietary energy, a sedentary lifestyle, and some primary endocrine diseases.

In order to avoid or reduce the impact of the above problems on the body, young people also need to "seek advantages and avoid disadvantages" in their lives.

For example, when doing radiological examination, if it does not affect the examination, you should wear protective equipment on the neck to protect the thyroid gland.

The harm of smoking will disappear completely after 5 years of quitting smoking. Young people must first ensure that they do not smoke and avoid long-term exposure to second-hand and third-hand smoke.

Most areas in our country are iodine-deficient areas. Young people should avoid blindly following the trend of consuming iodized salt and understand the specific conditions and iodine supplementation policies where they live.

According to your work nature and living environment, choose an appropriate mask to protect your delicate lungs.

Sleep is the cornerstone of human health. Adequate night's sleep helps maintain the balance of the body's endocrine, metabolism, and immunity, and is the basis for cancer prevention and fat loss.

Young people should ensure 7 to 9 hours of night sleep every day. Before going to bed, you should stay away from things that delay sleep, such as scrolling through your phone.

Avoid sweets and high-fat foods when you are not exercising much. Eat less highly processed meat and limit your intake of sweet fruits.

To correctly identify staple foods, overweight and obese people can reduce their staple food intake, but should ensure appropriate protein intake.

Every 28 minutes of sitting, you should get up and walk for 2 minutes. This can effectively reduce many health risks caused by prolonged sitting.

Exercise helps maintain good physical shape, improve mood and work efficiency, and can reduce the risk of many diseases. Obese people should give priority to swimming, cycling and other sports that reduce joint load-bearing and impact.

Warming up before exercise and stretching after exercise are tips to avoid sports injuries. Stop immediately if you feel any discomfort while exercising. People with underlying diseases should exercise under the guidance of a doctor.

If you already have diseases related to overweight and obesity, and your own fat loss for 3 months is ineffective, you should lose weight under the guidance of a doctor.

In particular, it should be noted that a BMI ≥ 32 or a weight gain of more than 10 kilograms within 3 months often indicates the risk of other secondary diseases, and it is recommended to seek medical treatment as soon as possible.

Long-term bad mood can induce a variety of physical diseases. Young people should take the initiative to build a sound personality and master some methods to resolve bad emotions.

When you are unable to solve the problem yourself, seek help from professionals in a timely manner.

Young people should consciously establish their own health files, understand their own disease history, family history, allergy history and other health vulnerabilities, and formulate targeted medical follow-up plans and health care plans based on annual physical examination abnormalities and doctor's recommendations.

Author: Chen Xi, Shi Jun, Xie Fei, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital

Review: Guo Qing, expert in the National Health Science Popularization Expert Database and professor at Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine