In 2022, China's R&D investment exceeded 3 trillion yuan, providing strong support for the construction of an innovative country

Release time:Apr 16, 2024 21:47 PM

Guangming Daily reporter Yang Shu

On September 18, the National Bureau of Statistics, the Ministry of Science and Technology, and the Ministry of Finance jointly released the "Statistical Bulletin on National Science and Technology Investment in 2022", outlining a series of eye-catching data that China continues to increase investment in scientific and technological innovation and promote high-quality economic and social development.

R&D funding investment maintains stable and rapid growth

R&D funds refer to the actual expenditure of the whole society on basic research, applied research, and experimental development during the statistical year. China attaches great importance to technological innovation and has introduced a series of policies to encourage research and innovation. R&D funds have continued to grow, exceeding 1 trillion yuan in 2012 and 2 trillion yuan in 2019.

According to the Gazette, in 2022, the total R&D investment in society reached a new high, reaching 3078.29 billion yuan, an increase of 10.1% compared to 2021, and maintaining double-digit growth for seven consecutive years. The above data indicates that as the world's second-largest economy in terms of R&D investment, China's R&D investment will maintain a stable and rapid growth in 2022.

From the perspective of R&D investment intensity, the proportion of R&D investment in China's GDP has continued to increase from 1.91% in 2012 to 2.54% in 2022. "China's investment level of 2.54% is already among the top in developing countries, close to the average level of 2.71% in countries of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development." Xuan Zhaohui, Director of the Institute of Technology Forecasting and Statistical Analysis at the China Academy of Science and Technology Development Strategy, said that this reflects a fundamental transformation in China's economic growth pattern, providing important scientific and technological support for high-quality development.

Since 2020, China's investment in basic research funds has consistently ranked second globally. The communique shows that the R&D funding structure is continuously optimized. In 2022, China's basic research funding exceeded 200 billion yuan, reaching 202.35 billion yuan, an increase of 11.4% compared to the previous year, greatly promoting the improvement of China's original innovation capabilities. In 2022, the proportion of basic research funding to R&D funding in China was 6.57%, which has remained above 6% for four consecutive years. The proportion of applied research funding to R&D funding has also increased, reaching 11.3%, an increase of 0.06 percentage points from the previous year.

At the same time, the main position of R&D investment in Chinese enterprises has become more prominent. In recent years, China has effectively mobilized the R&D enthusiasm of enterprises by supporting them to prioritize the application of science and technology plan projects, implementing pre tax deduction of R&D expenses, and promoting the sharing of scientific instruments and equipment. According to the Gazette, the R&D expenditure of Chinese enterprises in 2022 was 238.786 billion yuan, an increase of 11.0% compared to the previous year, accounting for 77.6% of the total R&D expenditure in society, an increase of 0.65 percentage points compared to the previous year, further consolidating the position of enterprises as the main body of innovation.

The Bulletin also shows that as an important support for high-quality development and industrial transformation and upgrading, China's high-tech manufacturing industry's R&D investment continues to grow. In 2022, it exceeded 600 billion yuan, reaching 65077 billion yuan, an increase of 14.5% compared to the previous year. The intensity of R&D investment reached 2.91%, an increase of 0.20 percentage points compared to the previous year.

Increase R&D funding in various regions, with the eastern region leading the way

Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, China has continuously increased investment in science and technology, with an average annual growth rate of 7.1% in national fiscal science and technology expenditure. According to the Gazette, in 2022, China's national fiscal science and technology expenditure continued to maintain a growth trend, reaching 1112.84 billion yuan, an increase of 3.4% compared to the previous year. Central and local fiscal science and technology expenditure reached 380.34 billion yuan and 732.5 billion yuan, respectively, an increase of 0.2% and 5.1%. Local governments are deeply implementing the innovation driven development strategy, guiding social capital to support scientific and technological innovation through funding science and technology plan projects, increasing financial incentives, building major innovation platforms, and establishing government guidance funds.

The Bulletin pointed out that from the regional distribution of R&D funds, the three major international science and technology innovation centers in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangdong Hong Kong Macao Greater Bay Area, as well as the demonstration and leading role in the Yangtze River Delta region, are outstanding. In 2022, the number of regions with R&D funding exceeding 100 billion yuan reached 12, of which 7 are located in the east, Guangdong and Jiangsu are close to 450 billion yuan and 400 billion yuan respectively, Beijing, Zhejiang and Shandong are over 200 billion yuan, and Shanghai is close to 200 billion yuan. The total R&D funding in these 6 regions is close to 60% of the national total. For the first time, Fujian's R&D funding has entered the ranks of "100 billion provinces", with Hubei, Hunan, Anhui, Henan in the central region and Sichuan in the western region all exceeding 100 billion yuan. Overall, compared to 2021, the R&D funding scale in 30 regions has maintained growth. Among them, R&D funding in Liaoning, Jilin, and Heilongjiang increased by 3.4%, 2.0%, and 11.9% respectively in 2022, providing technological support for the comprehensive revitalization of Northeast China.

From the perspective of funding intensity, there are 7 regions with R&D funding intensity exceeding the national average in 2022, namely Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, Guangdong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Anhui. Compared with 2021, the R&D investment intensity in 24 regions has increased, with Beijing showing the largest increase. The above data reflects that in recent years, China has strengthened the strategic deployment of regional scientific and technological innovation development, coordinated the construction of international and regional scientific and technological innovation centers, further increased resource aggregation efforts in various regions, and accelerated the construction of regional innovation highlands.

"Overall, the rapid growth of science and technology investment in China has strongly supported the construction of an innovative country, but there is still a certain gap between the intensity of R&D investment and the proportion of basic research funds and the requirements of building a world science and technology powerhouse." Xuan Zhaohui suggested that in order to achieve the goal of building a world science and technology powerhouse, the R&D investment of the whole society should be continuously increased, the government's support for R&D activities should be further strengthened, the establishment of a diversified investment mechanism for basic research should be accelerated, and R&D funds should be guided and encouraged to flow to the field of basic research, continuously improving enterprise innovation awareness and ability, and supporting the development and transformation and upgrading of the real economy with scientific and technological innovation. At the same time, the central and local governments will work together to coordinate and promote the construction of international and regional science and technology innovation centers, effectively supporting the construction of a world science and technology powerhouse.

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