What kind of handicraft is cloisonné? Visit the Beijing Enamel Factory to see its exquisiteness
Cloisonne, whose standard English name is Cloisonne, is a Chinese handicraft loved by consumers. We often see it in arts and crafts stores in Beijing, Tianjin and other places, as well as in some large exhibitions and institutional buildings.
The treasure of the China Cloisonne Museum in Beijing Enamel Factory: a bronze chariot and horse imitating the Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor.
Cloisonné is one of Beijing's industrial product symbols, and the most famous manufacturer is the Beijing Enamel Factory. This is the only "Chinese time-honored brand" in the cloisonne industry in my country. It brings together two-thirds of the masters and technicians in the cloisonne industry in the country. It is a highly authoritative professional enterprise. Its products represent the higher level of contemporary cloisonne development. "Jingfa" "The brand is well-known at home and abroad. The "Corporate Standards" and "Industry Standards" for my country's cloisonné handicrafts were drafted by the company and issued and implemented by relevant departments.
Have you ever wondered why the "cloisonné" we often call is called "enamel"? And how is cloisonné made? What is its quality like? Yesterday, the reporter walked into Beijing Enamel Factory Co., Ltd.
According to relevant personnel of the company, the scientific name of cloisonné is "copper tire filigree enamel". It began to appear in the Yuan Dynasty and became very popular during the Jingtai period of the Ming Dynasty. The production technology is also relatively mature. Since the enamel glaze used is mostly blue, so It's called "Cloisonne".
Since it is "copper tire filigree enamel", it is not difficult to understand that the carcass of cloisonné is made of red copper. First, the copper tire shape is made according to the design drawing, and copper wires are used to make various patterns and welded on it, and then the enamel is Colored glazes are filled into small grids of various shapes and then fired. In short, cloisonné is a traditional Chinese handicraft produced through tire making, filigree, dot blue, blue burning, polishing, gold plating and other processes.
"After the emergence of cloisonne, the users were mainly the royal family and dignitaries, and some products were exported. During the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, the artistic level and craftsmanship of cloisonne reached brilliance, and many fine products were produced." The person in charge said that after the founding of New China On the eve of the eve, due to rising raw material prices, production costs have greatly increased, shipping exchange rates are expensive, exports have been greatly affected, and the lives of cloisonné artists are unsustainable. At that time, there were more than 200 cloisonné workshops in Beijing, with less than a thousand employees. The product specifications and varieties were single, and the patterns were rigid or chaotic. The industry was in danger.
Faced with this "Beijing quintessence" dilemma, in 1950, Beijing established a special handicraft company and a state-owned cloisonné production enterprise, organized workshops and small factories, and established several cooperatives and public-private joint ventures. Since then, cloisonné craftsmanship has been protected and passed down, craftsmen have been respected, and the industry has been able to recover and develop rapidly. In January 1956, 42 private enamel factories merged with the Qing government's manufacturing office that originally specialized in manufacturing for the imperial palace to form the Beijing Enamel Factory.
Also in 1950, the Beijing Municipal Bureau of Industry hired Tsinghua University professors Liang Sicheng and Lin Huiyin as consultants to guide the creation and design of arts and crafts. The two professors established an arts and crafts rescue group in the Department of Construction of Tsinghua University. Among them, members of the cloisonné rescue team include Qian Meihua, Chang Shana, Sun Junlian, Gao Zhuang, Mo Zongjiang, etc. Under the leadership of Lin Huiyin, they went deep into various enterprises to understand the technical characteristics of cloisonne, put forward improvement plans, and launched new patterns. and colormap. In 1951, in order to cooperate with the Asia-Pacific Peace Conference held in Beijing, Lin Huiyin led Qian Meihua and others to design cloisonne lamps, smoking sets, gold lacquer boxes, filigree brooches, and Dunhuang pattern scarves as gifts for the guests attending the conference. , loved by international friends and praised by our country’s leaders.
A national gift given to leaders attending the APEC meeting in Beijing.
A congratulatory gift from the central government to celebrate the 60th anniversary of the founding of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.
"Back then, our factory was a major foreign exchange earner for the country. For example, a small ashtray product could bring back the equivalent of RMB 80 in foreign exchange for the country. We are very proud of this. Until now, many of our factory's products are still "National gifts and congratulatory gifts," she said, pointing to each piece of work. This is a national gift to the leaders attending the APEC meeting, a national gift to the United Nations Building, and a congratulatory gift to the 60th anniversary of the founding of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. …
In June 2012, Beijing Enamel Factory Co., Ltd. built the China Cloisonne Art Museum, which integrates cloisonne product R&D and production, process display, boutique appreciation, and shopping. Yesterday, the reporter met a visiting team organized by the Beijing Dongcheng No. 1 branch of Jiusan Society on site. They were amazed by the exquisite works of all sizes. Several visitors said that they did not expect cloisonne to be able to produce so many large-scale and various exquisite works of art. They praised Qian Meihua, Zhong Liansheng, Dai Jialin, Mi Zhenxiong, Li Xinmin and other arts and crafts masters, and also praised the enterprise. The masters are able to complete each process calmly and finally produce exquisite works of art.
Cloisonne decorative items used on door handles and air conditioners.
Liu Li, head of the corporate customer service department, said: "Our museum is open to the public every day, and everyone is welcome to come and learn about cloisonne."
