Outlook·Chronicle of State Administration｜Providing green waters and lush mountains is a great article

◇In February 2021, Xi Jinping, General Secretary of the CPC Central Committee, President of the State, and Chairman of the Central Military Commission, emphasized during an inspection and investigation in Guizhou that an excellent ecological environment is Guizhou's greatest development and competitive advantage. We must firmly establish the orientation of ecological priority and green development, coordinate the management of mountains, rivers, forests, farmlands, lakes and grasslands, increase ecosystem protection, scientifically promote the comprehensive management of rocky desertification and water and soil erosion, and continue to do a good job in the important task of green waters and lush mountains, which are gold and silver mountains. article.

◇Cancel the GDP assessment for counties included in the national key ecological functional areas, and build an ecological environment big data platform... A series of reform measures have been piloted to build the "four beams and eight pillars" to protect green waters and green mountains. Since being included in the first batch of national ecological civilization experimental zones in 2016, Guizhou has included 13 aspects and 30 reform results in the national promotion list.

◇The Guizhou Provincial Development and Reform Commission purchased services from the China Quality Certification Center. Based on the 2018 local government statistical data, it calculated the gross production value of the five pilot ecosystems and initially explored a set of ecological product value accounting mechanisms. "Family wealth" has a measurement basis that can be used for data comparison.

◇Jiangkou County innovatively established the "Fanjing Ecological Account". For five types of customer entities, including farmers and individual industrial and commercial households, financial institutions collect customer information from multiple dimensions such as ecological assets and ecological management, and convert it into ecological points as ratings, credit, and An important basis for interest rate pricing.

◇The courts across Guizhou Province have optimized and established 34 environmental protection tribunals, bringing green waters and green mountains into their jurisdiction. It is the first country in the country to explore the system of administrative public interest litigation initiated by procuratorial organs, and is the first to issue a white paper on ecological and environmental protection procuratorial work. The procuratorial organs integrate the concepts of ecological priority and green development into the entire process of public interest litigation and procuratorial work.

Article | "Looking" News Weekly reporter Zhao Xinbing, Wang Li and Wang Jun

In February 2021, Xi Jinping, General Secretary of the CPC Central Committee, President of the State, and Chairman of the Central Military Commission, emphasized during an inspection tour of Guizhou that an excellent ecological environment is Guizhou's greatest development and competitive advantage. We must firmly establish the orientation of ecological priority and green development, coordinate the management of mountains, rivers, forests, farmlands, lakes and grasslands, increase ecosystem protection, scientifically promote the comprehensive management of rocky desertification and water and soil erosion, and continue to do a good job in the important task of green waters and lush mountains, which are gold and silver mountains. article.

At the beginning of 2022, the "Opinions of the State Council on Supporting Guizhou in Forging a New Path in the Development of the Western Region in the New Era" was released, officially giving Guizhou the strategic positioning of a pioneer area for ecological civilization construction, requiring Guizhou to adhere to ecological priority and green development, and build a strong upper reaches of the Yangtze River and Pearl River. Ecological security barrier, scientifically promote the comprehensive management of rocky desertification, build and improve the ecological civilization system, and continue to do a good job in the great article that clear waters and green mountains are gold and silver.

Following the direction guided by the General Secretary, Guizhou actively serves and integrates into the national strategy. In November 2022, the Guizhou Provincial Party Committee and the Provincial Government issued the "Implementation Plan for the Ecological Civilization Construction Pioneer Zone in Guizhou Province", formulating 36 key tasks and a list of 49 key tasks, from improving the quality of the ecosystem, promoting the green development of industries, and innovating ecological construction Mechanisms and other aspects will promote the continued deepening and solidification of the ecological civilization construction pioneer zone.

From a fragile ecology to a green Qianshan Mountain, Guizhou is taking on a new look and becoming a beautiful and rich Qianshan Mountain. "Guizhou strives to build a pioneering area for ecological civilization construction, accelerates new achievements in ecological civilization construction, and strives to be at the forefront and set an example in promoting the modernization of harmonious coexistence between man and nature." said Xu Lin, Secretary of the Guizhou Provincial Party Committee and Director of the Standing Committee of the Provincial People's Congress. , Guizhou will continue to make new achievements in improving the quality of the ecosystem, in pollution prevention and control, in green and low-carbon transformation, in broadening the transformation path of the "two mountains", and in innovating green systems. Make new achievements in promoting ecological culture, and strive to create a colorful new future for Guizhou with a prosperous economy, prosperity for the people, and beautiful ecology.

Photo by Yang Wenbin of Yangdong Village Terraces, Shangzhong Town, Liping County, Guizhou Province/This Journal

Having a solid "ecological foundation" is a necessary condition for taking the road of green development.

In recent years, Guizhou has continuously strengthened ecological protection and restoration in key areas, scientifically promoted comprehensive management of rocky desertification and soil erosion, accelerated the completion of shortcomings in environmental infrastructure, built a solid "ecological foundation", and accumulated development momentum.

The GDP assessment will be canceled for counties included in the national key ecological functional areas, and an ecological environment big data platform will be built... A series of reform measures will be piloted to build the "four beams and eight pillars" to protect green waters and green mountains. Since being included in the first batch of national ecological civilization experimental zones in 2016, Guizhou has included 13 aspects and 30 reform results in the national promotion list.

Ecological restoration makes deserts green again. Since 2018, Guizhou has intensified its ecological protection and restoration efforts in the Wujiang River, Hongshui River and other river basins, as well as in Wumeng Mountains, Wuling Mountains and other regions. In 2022, China Landscape Engineering was rated by the United Nations as one of the first batch of "Top Ten Ecological Restoration Flagship Projects in the World". Guizhou launched the ecological protection and restoration pilot project of mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes and grasses in Wumeng Mountains, and the integrated protection and restoration of mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes, grasses and sand in Wuling Mountains. Engineering is among them.

On a spring day in Canyon Village, Huajiang Town, Guanling Buyi and Miao Autonomous County, there are lush pepper trees in the nooks and crannies of the mountains and between the rocks. “To control rocky desertification in China, we need to look to Guizhou, and to control rocky desertification in Guizhou, we need to look to Guanling,” said Li Guangming, deputy head of Guanling County. The rocky desertification area once accounted for 84% of the county’s land area. After years of continuous and comprehensive policies, it has now dropped below 20%.

According to data from the Guizhou Provincial Forestry Bureau, the province's rocky desertification area was 37,600 square kilometers in 2005, and has been reduced to 15,500 square kilometers so far. It is the province with the largest reduction in the rocky desertification area in China's karst areas, with severe and severe The area of ​​severely rocky desertified land has been reduced by more than 60%, and the ecological environment continues to improve.

Control pollution in daily life and improve environmental quality. Sinan County, deep in Wuling Mountain, is known as the "Pearl of Wujiang River". In 2023, Sinan County will hand over such an "ecological report card": the county's ambient air quality rate is 98.6%, the centralized treatment rate of urban domestic sewage and the harmless treatment rate of domestic waste will reach 97%, and the water quality of drinking water sources will meet the standards. The rate remains at 100%, the forest coverage rate exceeds 60%, and a “provincial forest city” has been successfully created...

Guizhou continues to consolidate and improve the quality of the ecological environment by strengthening urban sewage treatment and comprehensively implementing the river chief system. The 2024 Guizhou Provincial Government Work Report shows that the average number of days with good ambient air quality in central cities is 98.6%, the water quality rate at the outlet sections of major rivers remains 100%, and the forest coverage rate reaches 63%.

Make up for the shortcomings in environmental infrastructure. By vigorously implementing the improvement of the living environment in rural areas, Guizhou has taken the lead in the country in promoting the construction of a rural domestic waste collection, transfer and disposal system on a county-by-county basis. At present, the province's rural domestic waste collection, transfer and disposal system covers 100% of administrative villages, and a system of "village collection, town transfer, and county treatment" has been basically established.

Regarding rural domestic sewage treatment, since 2021, Guizhou has strived for 953.64 million yuan in various types of funds at all levels to support local areas in rural environmental improvement and domestic sewage treatment. At the same time, pilot projects were carried out in 11 villages in 9 cities across the province to explore and promote a rural domestic sewage resource utilization model with mountainous characteristics, focusing on villagers' own use, ecological consumption, and farmland irrigation.

Farmers in Zhongshan Community, Pingshan Town, Hezhang County, Bijie City, Guizhou Province carry pepper seedlings in the fields. Photo by Han Xianpu/This Journal

Can the ecological environment achieve "high appearance" and economic development achieve "high output value"? Focusing on industrial utilization, market-oriented transactions, and value-based compensation, Guizhou continues to expand the transformation path of the "Two Mountains" and cultivate more ecological products to enter the market.

Explore the accounting mechanism to find out the ecological status. In order to take the lead in making new breakthroughs in the "difficulty of measuring" ecological products, Guizhou proposed to clarify the quantity and quality of ecological products based on the confirmation and registration of natural resources. Since 2020, Chishui City, Dafang County, Jiangkou County, Leishan County, and Duyun City have taken the lead in launching pilot projects for ecological product value realization mechanisms.

The Guizhou Provincial Development and Reform Commission purchased services from the China Quality Certification Center, used the 2018 local government statistical data as a benchmark to calculate the gross production value of the five pilot ecosystems, and initially explored a set of ecological product value accounting mechanisms. "There is a measurement basis that can be used for data comparison.

In Jiangkou County, located at the base of Fanjing Mountain, a world natural heritage site, a third party compiled a county GEP accounting indicator system, forming 3 first-level indicators and 15 second-level indicator systems focusing on ecosystem material supply, regulatory services, and cultural services. Luo Xinglong, director of the Jiangkou County Green Development Center, said that data analysis since 2018 shows that the annual GEP is about five times the GDP.

The person in charge of the Guizhou Provincial Development and Reform Commission introduced that based on the results achieved in the five pilot counties, the "Guizhou Province Action Plan to Establish and Improve the Value Realization Mechanism of Ecological Products" will be issued and implemented in 2022, and six key tasks including the establishment of an ecological product investigation and monitoring mechanism will be deployed. . In 2023, the Guizhou Ecological Products Trading Center will be officially established, creating more "gold and silver" at premium prices.

Value realization turns ecological "appearance" into "production value". Chishui City, known as the "Southwestern Bamboo Sea", has 1.328 million acres of bamboo forests. The local area is making "green articles" around bamboo. Each mu can produce 1 ton of bamboo raw materials per year, and the annual comprehensive output value of the bamboo industry reaches 7.3 billion yuan.

The realization of the value of ecological products from "data" to "economy" relies on industrial cultivation and product output. More than 7 million acres of tea, more than 2.1 million acres of prickly pear... Guizhou, with mountains and hills accounting for 92.5% of the province's area, develops modern mountainous characteristics and efficient agriculture according to local conditions. The "ecological background" increases the "economic quality", and the province's green economy The proportion will increase from 37% in 2017 to 46% in 2023.

Cross-regional compensation revitalizes ecological value. 25 counties in Guizhou are listed as national key ecological functional areas. In early 2023, Guizhou issued the "Implementation Opinions on Deepening the Reform of the Ecological Protection Compensation System" to further deepen the reform in terms of improving the classified compensation system and improving the comprehensive compensation system.

In the past five years, the transfer payment subsidies issued by the central government to key ecological functional areas in Guizhou Province have increased from 4.22 billion yuan to 6.25 billion yuan, an average annual growth of 8%, with a cumulative subsidy of 26.8 billion yuan. The scale of subsidies has ranked among the top three in the country for many years. In addition, Guizhou is exploring the adjustment of commercial forests through redemption, replacement and other methods. From 2021 to 2025, approximately 16,000 acres of artificial commercial forests in key ecological locations will be purchased each year. Guizhou has also strengthened coordination and linkage with provinces in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and Pearl River, and actively explored ecological protection compensation mechanisms for cross-provincial river basins such as the Xijiang River and the Duliu River.

Tea farmers and tourists experiencing tea picking pick spring tea at the ecological tea garden base of Tianba Community, Yong'an Town, Fenggang County, Guizhou Province. Photo by Yang Ying/This Journal

Entering Gui'an New District, a national-level new area in Guizhou Province, you will find companies in the high-end industrial park busy. In the production workshop of Fudi Battery Company, four automated production lines are running at high speed, and the product is the famous "blade battery". This company's output value last year was 4.3 billion yuan, providing stable employment to more than 1,000 people.

Guizhou insists on taking green and low-carbon as the optimal path for high-quality development, and promotes the continuous transformation and upgrading of "Electric Guizhou" and the digital economy to ensure that the green economy accounts for more than 50% by 2027.

Polish the new business card of "Electric Guizhou". Based on its resource advantages and adapting to changes in the industry, Guizhou promotes the development acceleration of the new energy battery and materials industry and actively develops a new business card of "Electric Guizhou". By introducing "leaders" in the new energy battery and materials industry such as Zhongwei Co., Ltd., we will continue to cultivate and expand strategic emerging industries; through Guiyang Gui'an and the "Kaiyang-Xifeng" and "Weng'an-Fuquan" core carrying areas, as well as Tongren, " The layout of the two key carrying areas "Southwestern Guizhou-Liupanshui" has been optimized, and the effect of industrial clusters has been continuously highlighted.

Data from the Guizhou Provincial Department of Industry and Information Technology shows that Guizhou’s current shipments of ternary precursors account for 26% of the global market, ranking first in the world; the market share of high-purity manganese sulfate and mercury-substitute corrosion inhibitors for batteries has reached more than 80% nationwide. Relying on its rich mineral resources, Guizhou is building a full industrial chain from new energy batteries, new energy materials to new energy vehicles.

Seize the new trend of green development. In Zhuofu Grassland, Xueshan Town, Weining Yi, Hui and Miao Autonomous County, more than 100 "big windmills" rotate with the wind, continuously generating clean energy. Not far from the wind farm, photovoltaic panels sparkle in the sunlight. This is currently the largest "wind and solar hybrid" power plant in Guizhou. It can provide 450 million kilowatt hours of clean energy every year. Compared with thermal power, it can save 135,000 tons of standard coal and reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 350,000 tons.

Relying on the diverse geographical and climatic conditions of the mountainous areas, Guizhou has vigorously developed photovoltaic, wind power and other new energy industries, and a new picture of "unlimited scenery" has gradually emerged. Up to now, Guizhou's regulated wind and solar new energy power generation has reached 23.97 billion kilowatt-hours. The coordinated wind and solar new energy installed capacity accounts for more than 27% of the total installed power supply capacity, and the new energy power generation utilization rate has reached 99.51%.

Explore new paths for dual-carbon transformation. Guizhou continues to explore new ways to "reduce carbon" to achieve "greener" development. Jiangkou County innovatively established the "Fanjing Ecological Account". Targeting five types of customer entities, including farmers and individual industrial and commercial households, financial institutions collect customer information from multiple dimensions such as ecological assets and ecological management, and convert it into ecological points as ratings, credit, and interest rates. important basis for pricing.

Some time ago, two bus companies in Jiangkou put into operation new energy vehicles, which can save more than 650 tons of fuel and reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 3,080 tons each year. With their ecological contributions, they obtained a 6 million yuan loan from the county Rural Credit Cooperative, and the interest rate dropped from 8.2% to 5.5%. %.

Chishui City established Guizhou's first Forest Carbon Sequestration Management Bureau in 2023. Director Li Yangbing said that relying on abundant bamboo resources, the Management Bureau organized and carried out forestry carbon sequestration and sequestration enhancement work to enhance the carbon sequestration capacity and carbon sink increment of the forest ecosystem. In April this year, Guizhou Province completed the signing of the first batch of provincial forestry carbon ticket transactions. The 10 forestry carbon tickets involved more than 13,000 acres of forest land, with a carbon emission reduction of 123,700 tons during the monitoring period, and a transaction amount of approximately 500,000 yuan.

In early summer, the red maple lake is reflected in the blue waves, and the mountains and flowers on the lakeside are lush and colorful. As a source of drinking water, Hongfeng Lake nourishes millions of Guiyang citizens. The quality of the water intake is now stable at Class II standards. However, more than ten years ago, blue algae occurred throughout the lake, and the water quality deteriorated sharply.

In order to prevent the "water tank" from becoming a "dye tank", the country's first environmental protection court was inaugurated on the bank of Hongfeng Lake in 2007. In December of that year, the Environmental Protection Court's "first fire" was directed at Guizhou Tianfeng Chemical, the main culprit of emissions in the upper reaches of Hongfeng Lake, and the pollution source was completely eliminated.

"The intervention of judicial forces is an 'iron fist' shock." Liu Haiying, deputy director of the Qingzhen Municipal People's Court, said that for more than ten years, the court has witnessed the continuous improvement of people's environmental awareness and the more "green" production behavior of enterprises. It has also witnessed Guizhou's The judicial system in the field of ecological environment is more mature.

Improve and strengthen the ecological judicial system. Courts across Guizhou Province have optimized and established 34 environmental protection courts, bringing green waters and green mountains into their jurisdiction. It is the first country in the country to explore the system of administrative public interest litigation initiated by procuratorial organs, and is the first to issue a white paper on ecological and environmental protection procuratorial work. The procuratorial organs integrate the concepts of ecological priority and green development into the entire process of public interest litigation and procuratorial work.

The Wujiang River is the "mother river" of Guizhou. In August 2021, a large number of floating objects appeared in the reach of the Goupitan Hydropower Station in the main stream. An investigation found that the source of the floating objects involved multiple districts and counties in Guiyang, Zunyi, and Qiannan Prefecture. The Guizhou Provincial People's Procuratorate established a task force in December 2021, and deployed more than 60 business backbones from across the province, adopting a three-level linkage and integrated case handling model at the provincial, municipal and county levels for centralized handling.

Xiao Jun, director of the Eighth Procuratorial Department of the Guizhou Provincial People's Procuratorate, said that through the centralized handling of special cases, all parties have reached a consensus on cross-industry and cross-department collaborative governance, forming the procuratorial organs to oversee supervision, the administrative departments to coordinate, and the county river chief office to coordinate and promote, The river governance model implemented by relevant responsible departments has not only formed a synergy for governance, but also established a long-term mechanism.

Local regulations enhance the binding force of the rule of law. "Tongren City Fanjing Mountain Protection Regulations" and "Bijie City Jiucaiping Scenic Spot Protection Regulations"... Guizhou has successively introduced a series of local regulations to use the power of law to protect the ecological environment.

In 2011, Guizhou promulgated the country's first provincial-level regulations on watershed protection and governance, the "Guizhou Province Chishui River Basin Protection Regulations," creating a legislative form of "one river, one regulation." In 2019, Guizhou issued the "Regulations on the Protection of Ancient and Valuable Trees in Guizhou Province." In 2019, the "Guizhou Province Ecological and Environmental Protection Regulations" became the country's first provincial-level local regulations on ecological and environmental protection, which is of landmark significance in promoting the construction of ecological civilization. In 2021, we will work with Yunnan and Sichuan to carry out joint legislation on Chishui River Basin protection, creating the first legislative model of "jointly deciding regulations", realizing the leap from "linkage" to "co-operation" in regional legislation, and providing a new model for joint legislation on watershed protection nationwide. .

Cross-provincial linkage to jointly safeguard river basin security. Guizhou has collaborated with neighboring provinces to establish an ecological protection compensation mechanism and carry out joint inspections and joint law enforcement. From "many government departments doing their own thing" to "using one's fingers to make a fist," the ability and level of river and lake management have been significantly improved.

Wanfeng Lake, located at the junction of Guizhou, Yunnan, and Guangxi provinces, is an important water source in the Pearl River Delta. In the past, the water quality once deteriorated into a black and smelly water body of inferior Class V. The problem has not been solved for a long time. The main reason is that the upstream and downstream are not running smoothly, and the left and right banks are not synchronized. In recent years, through procuratorial public interest litigation, the party committees and governments of three provinces and five counties have attached great importance to cross-district watershed governance, pooled administrative resources and the strength of all parties, and solved governance problems in a "package".

Zhong Shiyou, deputy commander of the Wanfeng Lake Joint Law Enforcement Command of five counties in the three provinces of Guizhou, Guangxi and Yunnan and deputy director of the Standing Committee of the People's Congress of Xingyi City, Guizhou Province, said that the three provinces have deployed dozens of law enforcement officers from various local ecological environment, public security, water affairs, transportation and other departments. Concentrate efforts on joint law enforcement and cross-regional joint protection have become the norm.

In the new era, Guizhou firmly grasps the excellent ecological environment as its greatest development advantage and competitive advantage, constantly stimulates new vitality and accumulates new momentum, and is striving to embark on a new journey of high-quality development and embark on a broad road of green development.