Will bring revolution to orthopedic surgery, Shanghai University team prepares "bone organoids"

Release time:May 08, 2024 06:44 AM

Have you heard of "organoids"? This is a cutting-edge field where 3D printing technology is applied to biomedicine. Recently, the latest results led by the team of Professor Su Jiacan of Shanghai University were published in the international authoritative journal "Advanced Materials", introducing the results of in vitro preparation of "bone organoids". This scientific research team has completed the preparation of version 1.0 of bone organoids. In the future, it plans to complete version iterations and apply them to orthopedic surgeries, striving to form a new orthopedic clinical paradigm.

Su Jiacan, dean of the Institute of Translational Medicine of Shanghai University, said that so-called organoids are tissue analogs with a certain spatial structure formed by using adult stem cells or pluripotent stem cells for three-dimensional culture in vitro. The word "like" in organoids means that they are not real human organs, but they can simulate real organs in structure and function, and can be cultured stably for a long time.

Schematic diagram of bone organoid research design and experimental process

Over the past decade or so, a variety of organoids have been created in the laboratory. In 2009, scientists used mouse LGR5 intestinal stem cells to grow intestinal organoids in vitro; in 2011, they used human stem cells to grow intestinal organoids; in 2013, they used human stem cells to grow brain organoids; liver, kidney, and pancreas. Organoids have also been cultivated one after another. In 2018, Nature Methods magazine named organoid technology “Method of the Year.”

Could this technology be used to grow bone organoids? In 2022, Professor Su Jiacan led the team to launch the National Natural Science Foundation of China's key project "Research on the Construction and Regeneration and Repair of Spatially Characterized Bone Organoids Based on DNA Hydrogels" to explore the application of bone organoids in fractures and rheumatoid arthritis. , ankylosing spondylitis and other diseases treatment.

Now, the phased results of this project are born. The scientific research team used digital light processing bioprinting technology to print the 3D structure of bones, achieving precise replication of the complex structure of bone tissue. Bioink is an important raw material for biological 3D printing. They developed a new type of bioink, which is composed of methacrylated gelatin, methacrylated sodium alginate, and hydroxyapatite. This bioink not only mimics the complexity of natural bone matrix, but also has self-mineralization and cell differentiation capabilities. "Bone contains many minerals and is a hard tissue." Professor Su Jiacan explained, "The raw material we use to prepare bone organoids is soft tissue cells, but after in vitro cultivation, these cells will not only differentiate, but also self-mineralize, becoming something like The hard tissue of bones.”

What is the clinical value of bone organoids? According to reports, the current clinical methods for repairing large bone defects above 6-8 cm have obvious flaws, and more effective methods are needed to enhance bone regeneration and accelerate healing. Severe fractures such as vertebral compression fractures also require more effective clinical solutions to relieve patients' pain and avoid the sequelae caused by bone cement hardening.

Multicellular differentiation and self-mineralization of bone organoids

The bone organoids that have been born in the laboratory are version 1.0. In order to push this scientific research result into clinical practice, Professor Su Jiacan's team plans to develop versions 2.0 and 3.0 of bone organoids. The goal is to not only be "spiritually similar" to human bones, but also "similar" in appearance, and even "better than" - in the future, patients will be removed A small piece of skin is extracted from the stem cells, which are expected to be grown into bone organoids within 3 days and then implanted into the patient. If this method of replacing traditional surgical treatment is used clinically, it will bring a revolution to clinical orthopedic treatment.

Liu Changsheng, academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and president of Shanghai University, said that in recent years, Shanghai University has closely focused on the "four aspects" to serve national strategies and major regional needs, and has implemented the "Fifth Five-Year Strategy", especially for people's life and health, focusing on biomedicine. In the field of aging disease treatment and rehabilitation, it focuses on the creation of natural medicines and the research and development of biomedical materials and equipment, creating a characteristic peak of intelligent diagnosis, precision treatment, and smart rehabilitation, and assisting the development of Shanghai's leading biomedical industry. The successful preparation of bone organoids is a demonstration of the scientific research team's pursuit of excellence and first-class results. It is also an important output of Shanghai University's continued implementation of organized scientific research, and is expected to bring good news to many patients.

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