Learn first aid knowledge, World First Aid Day - "Save" by your side

The second Saturday of September is World First Aid Day. In daily life, there are always unexpected injuries, such as sudden cardiac arrest, obstruction of tracheal foreign bodies, drowning... How can we provide timely and correct first aid? On the occasion of World First Aid Day, East Shanghai Voice and the Red Cross Society of Pudong New Area jointly launched a radio special program, inviting emergency training teachers from the Shanghai Red Cross Society, Dr. Ma Junjie from the Pudong New Area Medical Emergency Center, and Dr. Chang Yan from the Academy Community Health Service Center to enter the FM106.5 live broadcast room to share emergency skills and self-protection tips.

First aid is also known as "emergency rescue". In the event of a sudden emergency, accidental injury, or disaster, one should spare no time and make every effort to save lives and stabilize the injury, in order to save time for subsequent hospital treatment. Dr. Ma first pointed out that most accidents occur outside the hospital, and mastering emergency knowledge and skills is closely related to whether self rescue and mutual aid can be carried out in the first place.

When it comes to cardiopulmonary resuscitation and AED, Dr. Chang further analyzed that once a sudden cardiac arrest occurs, if not immediately rescued and resuscitated, it will cause irreversible damage to brain cells after 4 minutes. The longer the time, the more severe the damage. If it exceeds 10 minutes, even if the patient is rescued, it may still be brain death. This is also the commonly emphasized "golden 4 minutes" in medicine. It should be noted that not all comatose individuals can undergo cardiopulmonary resuscitation. After discovering that someone has lost consciousness and fallen to the ground, it is necessary to first assess the patient's breathing and heartbeat, because the target of cardiopulmonary resuscitation can only be "three nots", namely unconscious, non breathing, and non heartbeat. For non professionals, we only need to judge the two nots. To determine consciousness, we need to lightly tap his shoulders and shout loudly in his ears on both sides. If there is no response, then we need to judge his breathing. Place his cheeks close to the patient's mouth and nose, feel his breath, and use his eyes to observe whether his chest is undulating. At the same time, listen to the sound of his breath in his ears. For about 10 seconds, he silently counts 1001, 1002, 1003... 1010. If there is only one breath or no breath within 10 seconds, cardiopulmonary resuscitation can be performed. Otherwise, it is not possible.

The sequence of cardiopulmonary resuscitation

1. Chest compressions: Select the midpoint of the line connecting the two nipples as the compression site, press the palms tightly against that area, overlap the palms of both hands, tightly clasp the palms with ten fingers and lift them up, extend both arms, and align the wrists, elbows, and shoulders in a straight line. Use the weight of the upper body as the axis to press down, with a frequency of 100-120 times/min and a depth of 5-6cm. The compression process should not be interrupted.

2. Open the airway: Use the method of lifting the chin up and removing oral secretions and dentures before opening the airway.

3. Artificial respiration: Use mouth to mouth blowing or a simple respirator, with a compression to blowing ratio of 30:2 per cycle. After 5 cycles, check if vital signs have recovered. If there is no recovery, repeat the compression and blowing process until the patient recovers, reaches the scene at 120, or the environmental danger at the scene must be transferred before stopping.

Do you notice a red heart-shaped icon in public places? This is AED. In recent years, the Red Cross Society in Pudong New Area has placed AEDs at subway stations, schools, police stations, community committees, enterprises and institutions. What effect can AED have? Dr. Chang stated that the incidence of ventricular fibrillation is particularly high when a patient first experiences an accident, and simple chest compressions are useless. This requires AED to resolve ventricular fibrillation and then compressions to effectively improve the success rate of patient rescue. So, how do we find the closest AED to ourselves? Dr. Chang suggests that you search for the service number of the Shanghai Red Cross Society on WeChat, click on the AED map in the service window, and you will be able to find the nearest AED in your area.

During the live broadcast, some listeners mentioned which ways to learn emergency rescue knowledge? Dr. Chang introduced that the Red Cross currently offers free on-site emergency rescue services, with 4, 8, and 16 training hours. Please contact the local Red Cross site to register. Dr. Chang hopes that everyone can learn first aid, and first aid is for everyone. When encountering an accident, he can extend a helping hand, helping others is also helping himself.

Dr. Ma has been engaged in emergency work for more than 20 years. During the process of following an ambulance to the scene to rescue people, he encountered many patients with cardiac arrest. Without someone else to perform CPR and other rescue operations in a timely manner, it would be very difficult for emergency doctors to rescue patients who had cardiac arrest. At the same time, he also strongly felt that the public lacked first aid awareness and necessary first aid skills. Therefore, in his spare time, Dr. Ma actively participated in the Red Cross rescue training work, teaching everyone to carry out self rescue and mutual rescue in the correct way, and correcting some first aid misunderstandings. In his view, the learning and dissemination of first aid knowledge runs through every day of our lives, studies, and work.

Text: Cai Yan

*Reprinted from official WeChat account released by Pudong