Why?, The Netherlands has finally recognized Indonesia's Independence Day as "8.17", but has encountered a backlash definition | Netherlands | Indonesia

Release time:Apr 13, 2024 22:37 PM

Dutch Prime Minister Mark Luther recently stated that the Netherlands "fully and unreservedly recognizes" the independence of Indonesia, which was once ruled by the Netherlands, on August 17, 1945. The Indonesian government welcomes this, but there have been many voices of dissatisfaction among the Indonesian public and even former high-ranking officials.

According to the South China Morning Post on June 21st, some observers believe that the Netherlands' so-called recognition of Indonesia's Independence Day is "insincere", and some even consider it a "huge insult" to the Indonesian side because it "lacks necessary legal effects".

According to the Indonesian International Daily on June 18th, the recognition of Indonesia's Independence Day by the Netherlands has gone through a tortuous process. Between 1945 and 1949, the Dutch colonial authorities and the Indonesian independence movement fell into a prolonged confrontation. The Dutch side argued that the military action against Indonesia was a "police operation" aimed at ensuring that the then Dutch East Indies were not occupied by Japan. However, Indonesia believes that the actions of the Dutch authorities in Indonesia at that time were violent military actions aimed at suppressing Indonesian independence.

There are cognitive differences between the Netherlands and Indonesia in the process of Indonesian national independence. The Netherlands believes that Indonesia achieved sovereign independence on December 27, 1949, but in Indonesia's eyes, Independence Day is August 17, 1945. According to Xinhua News Agency, during World War II, Indonesia, which was then a Dutch colony, was occupied by the Japanese army. After Japan's surrender in 1945, Indonesian leaders Sukarno and Mohammad Hada declared Indonesia's independence on August 17 of that year.

There have been discussions in the Netherlands on how to define Indonesian Independence Day. In 1995, during her visit to Indonesia, then Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands participated in the Independence Day celebration on August 17th. However, Beatrix did not apologize to Indonesia as expected for the violent actions of the Dutch authorities during the Indonesian independence movement. The Dutch government has never made it clear that "Indonesia Independence Day is on August 17th".

In 2020, during his visit to Indonesia, King Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands expressed regret and apology to the government of the Kingdom of the Netherlands for the excessive violence committed in Indonesia between 1945 and 1949.

Therefore, the statement made by the current Dutch Prime Minister Mark Luther on Indonesia's Independence Day for the first time on June 14th this year has been welcomed and praised by some people. Indonesian President Joko responded on June 15th that it is a good thing for the Netherlands to recognize Indonesia's Independence Day as "8.17", but the potential impact of this matter still needs to be consulted with Foreign Minister Letno.

But Jeffrey Pontag, Chairman of the Dutch Honorary Debt Committee Foundation, believes that L ü tter's statement is a "huge insult" to Indonesia. The foundation, located in the Netherlands, actively seeks compensation from the Netherlands for its military attack on the Indonesian independence movement.

At present, the Netherlands still legally recognizes Indonesian Independence Day as December 27, 1949, in accordance with the Hague Agreement signed on December 27, 1949. In addition, the Dutch government seems to be avoiding turning Prime Minister Luther's statement into certain legal consequences. Lute also stated that he acknowledges that Indonesia's Independence Day is "8.17" and will not change "any existing legal basis.". The spokesperson for the Dutch Prime Minister also stated that the Netherlands will continue to designate 1949 as the year of Indonesian independence.

"Sovereignty was transferred in 1949. We cannot reverse this," the Dutch media "Dutch Times" quoted a spokesperson for the Prime Minister as saying.

According to the South China Morning Post, critics argue that although Luther acknowledged "8.17", it had no legal effect, and the Netherlands avoided compensation for the deaths, injuries, and damages caused during the Indonesian independence war. The Hague Agreement of 1949 even stipulated that Indonesia needed to compensate for the losses suffered by the Netherlands during the Indonesian War of Independence, and Indonesia did not fully repay this debt until 2003.

Bonnie Triana, founder of the Indonesian language history magazine Historia, believes that Luther's statement is "impolite", avoiding the Netherlands' responsibility for "returning Indonesian war reparations" and labeling the Netherlands as "war criminals". If the Netherlands still understood Indonesia's independence according to its original definition, then Indonesia was not a sovereign country before 1949, but a Dutch colony. If the Netherlands recognizes 1945 as the year of Indonesian independence, it means that the Dutch military offensive against Indonesia from 1947 to 1948 was an invasion.

As early as 2005, then Dutch Foreign Minister Rudolf Bott stated that the Netherlands accepted Indonesia's independence in 1945 "politically and morally". Bonnie Triana believes that Luther's new statement is actually not new.

Former Indonesian Foreign Minister Hassan Vilayuda criticized L ü te's statement as insincere. "The declaration of independence was accompanied by various restrictive conditions, ultimately negating the declaration itself. Compared to the apologies of other Western countries such as the UK, Belgium, and Germany to their former colonies, this declaration came too late," Hassan told Indonesian television station Metro on June 16.

Last year, the Dutch House of Commons released a research report pointing out that the Dutch military used "extreme violence" against Indonesians during the Indonesian independence movement, including "extrajudicial executions, abuse and torture, and inhumane detention.". According to a research report, in the seven months following the second offensive launched by the Netherlands in Indonesia in December 1948, at least 46000 Indonesian combatants were killed, while the Dutch side suffered approximately 5300 casualties, including Indonesians loyal to the Dutch royal family.

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