What are the future development trends?, Accelerate centralized cooling in multiple locations

Release time:Apr 15, 2024 09:49 AM

This summer, many areas have been experiencing sustained high temperatures. Not only do southern cities continue their barbecue style, but traditional summer resorts in the northwest and northeast are also being tested by high temperatures. In this context, the topic of how refrigeration can be more efficient and environmentally friendly has attracted public attention.

Xinhua Vision reporters have found that many regions are accelerating the exploration of centralized cooling in different regions. Will this method be widely implemented compared to centralized heating? What are the future development trends?

More and more centralized refrigeration projects

The Shenzhen Bay Super Headquarters Base under construction will have about 20 buildings using centralized cooling in the future. Fu Jianping, Chairman of Shenzhen Qianhai Shenran Energy Development Co., Ltd., responsible for centralized cooling in the region, told reporters that research is currently underway to determine the scale of cooling installed capacity and the construction mode of cold station civil engineering.

Regional centralized cooling refers to setting up centralized refrigeration stations in a certain area to prepare cold sources, replacing the decentralized refrigeration systems built by each building, and transporting chilled water to the end fan system of each building through the transmission and distribution network.

"There are more and more centralized refrigeration projects in the past two years," said Teng Lin, general manager of the Pearl River New Town Energy Co., Ltd. Since 2010, the company has provided centralized cooling services for 16 users including Guangzhou Metro APM Line, Guangzhou Library, Guangzhou Grand Theater, and Chow Tai Fook Financial Center in the core area of the Pearl River New Town.

As a professional with practical experience in operating centralized cooling projects, Teng Lin has been frequently invited as a consultant or reviewer for related projects in recent years. "There are many newly added regional centralized cooling projects in the Greater Bay Area, including the starting area of Guangzhou International Financial City, Nansha Pearl Bay in Guangzhou, Guangzhou South Station Central Business District, Tencent Global Headquarters in Shenzhen Dachan Bay, and Xiaomeisha area in Shenzhen."

Bai Shouyue, Secretary General of the Regional Energy Professional Committee of the China Building Energy Conservation Association, told reporters that in recent years, the number of newly planned centralized cooling projects has been increasing every year, with 60 new projects added in 2021, 70 new projects added in 2022, and 80 new projects added in the first seven months of 2023.

According to data from the China Regional Energy Big Data Cloud Platform, there are currently nearly 800 centralized cooling projects with a cooling area of over 500000 square meters in various stages of planning, construction, and operation in China, of which more than 150 projects have actually been put into use.

Haitang Bay in Sanya, Hainan, Meixihu International New City in Changsha, Hunan, Xiong'an New Area in Hebei, Jinan CBD in Shandong, Jiangbei City CBD in Chongqing, and Tianfu Headquarters Business District in Tianfu New Area, Sichuan... From south to north and from east to west, centralized cooling projects are distributed throughout many parts of the country. Many places also integrate centralized cooling and heating to improve the efficiency of pipe network utilization, save redundant construction costs and spatial resources, and create indoor comfortable scenes that are warm in winter and cool in summer.

Bai Shouyue said that in recent years, with the increasing attention paid to centralized cooling, domestic enterprises such as Three Gorges Group, State Grid Comprehensive Energy, China Gas, as well as international enterprises such as French Electric Power and Singapore Energy have entered the field of centralized cooling, with an annual industry investment of over 100 billion yuan.

The "dual carbon" strategy brings development opportunities for centralized cooling

Industry insiders generally feel that after implementing the "dual carbon" strategy in China, the centralized cooling industry has shown a significant accelerated development trend. Compared to central air conditioning, centralized cooling is not only efficient and energy-saving, but also has advantages such as staggered load reduction and intensive land use.

——The energy-saving and carbon reduction effect is significant. Zhang Xueqian, General Manager of Jinan Energy Investment Holding Group, said that according to calculations, the regional cooling system is about 12.2% more energy-efficient than the separate installation of central air conditioning in each building. After the use of centralized cooling in the core area of the Pearl River New Town in Guangzhou, 13983 tons of carbon dioxide emissions were reduced annually. Li Xuesong, Chairman of the HVAC Professional Committee of the Shenzhen Survey and Design Industry Association, stated that with the increasing implementation of the national "dual carbon" strategy, local governments and society's enthusiasm for investing in the construction of centralized cooling projects has significantly increased.

——Reduce the load on the power grid to alleviate the power shortage. In the past few years, some provinces have experienced a "power shortage" problem, and large-scale power shortages have forced some places to take power rationing measures, which has had an impact on the production and operation of enterprises and the daily life of residents.

Centralized cooling generally adopts ice storage technology, which utilizes the surplus electrical energy during the low valley period at night to make ice and store it, and releases and outputs the cold energy during the day. By utilizing the "peak to valley shifting" effect on power loads, the peak to valley difference in the power grid can be smoothed out, the overall efficiency of power generation facilities can be improved, and the construction scale of power plants and power transmission and distribution systems can be reduced. Fu Jianping said, "Using more electricity at night and less electricity during the day can not only reduce system operating costs, but also reduce the construction of a 220 kV substation in the Qianhai area of Shenzhen."

——Improve land spatial utilization efficiency. Experts introduce that centralized regional cooling has a higher land utilization rate than self built central air conditioning cooling. Self built air conditioning for cooling, each building needs to have a large refrigeration room and a cooling tower built on the top floor. Regional centralized cooling refers to the construction of refrigeration rooms and cooling towers attached to the underground and rooftop of public spaces such as bus stops, achieving comprehensive land use. The space saved in the building for the computer room and cooling tower can be commercialized and utilized; Moreover, centralized cooling can utilize the staggered cooling needs among different users to reduce the total installed capacity of refrigeration.

Taking the core area of the Pearl River New City in Guangzhou as an example, 16 users of centralized cooling need to have an individual installed capacity of 62000 cold tons, while centralized cooling only needs 40000 cold tons, reducing the installed capacity of equipment by more than 30%.

Will it be widely promoted?

At present, centralized cooling is mostly implemented in newly built office areas. Will it enter the homes of ordinary people in the future?

Due to the fact that centralized cooling is not a mandatory requirement, it is still difficult to enter ordinary households on a large scale. Teng Lin said that for the completed residential buildings, each household had already installed air conditioning, and centralized cooling needs to be renovated again, requiring the laying of new pipelines. The high cost of renovation has discouraged most users. However, due to factors such as building standards and differences in electricity prices for civil and commercial use, it is also difficult for new residential buildings to be connected to centralized cooling without further clarification of policies by relevant departments.

Teng Lin said that due to the absence of equipment access fees, the metering cold price charged by his company includes not only electricity, labor, and maintenance costs, but also depreciation and capital interest on the equipment. Therefore, the property management companies that actually pay the cold fee believe that using centralized cooling is more expensive compared to central air conditioning.

Bai Shouyue said that in the past, centralized cooling projects were concentrated in high-density development areas such as newly developed business centers. On the one hand, without preferential policies or subsidies, they must achieve sustainable development through market-oriented operations. On the other hand, due to the limitation of water supply temperature differences, the scope of centralized cooling is generally within a radius of 1.5 kilometers, which cannot cover a radius of more than 20 kilometers like centralized heating, making the service range of a single cold station smaller.

In addition, although centralized cooling has higher energy efficiency and lower prices from a macroeconomic perspective, the charging prices vary for different projects and usage scenarios. If the majority of users in the region use cooling services, the cost sharing will not be high, but if the proportion of users using it is not high, the cost sharing will be higher.

Industry insiders believe that as one of the effective paths for cities to implement the "dual carbon" strategy, with the continuous upgrading of technology and policy tilt, centralized cooling will usher in new development opportunities and enter a fast and orderly development track.

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