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In recent days, winter wheat in Tianjin has gradually entered the harvesting period. Among them, in the Jinghai District located in the southern part of Tianjin, winter wheat is basically mature, and wheat harvesting work is gradually unfolding. How is the local harvest this year? What are the characteristics of harvesting?

Tianjin: Wind blows, wheat waves sway, and ears sway with fragrance

1.8 million acres of wheat are being harvested

CCTV reporter Zhu Xinwei: I am currently located next to a wheat field in Duliu Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin. You can see several harvesters working in the field. Local farmers told me that the summer harvest time has arrived, and every second is like gold. This is because this season is more prone to heavy rainfall, and once mature wheat is soaked in rain, its quality and yield will be greatly reduced. At the same time, we can also see several corn seeders operating in the wheat fields. This is because Tianjin generally adopts a two-year three season planting mode. After wheat harvesting, corn needs to be sown as soon as possible, otherwise it will affect the yield of corn. So it can be seen that there is a joint operation in the local area where there is a wheat harvester in the front and a corn planter in the back, achieving one acre of wheat harvest, one acre of straw treatment, and one acre of corn planting.

Planting wheat in Tianjin is actually very difficult because 40% of Tianjin's arable land is saline alkali soil. So how can we find good varieties for local trial planting? Seed selection is very important. You can see that I have two wheat varieties that are widely planted in Tianjin. On the one on my right side, you can see that its straw is thick and the wheat ears are very full. This is a high-quality wheat variety that is resistant to lodging, but it has high requirements for soil and water environment, and the degree of salinity and alkalinity should not be too high; And the other bundle of wheat next to it, although it looks ordinary, don't underestimate it. This is a popular drought alkali wheat in Tianjin, which has the advantage of drought resistance and salt alkali resistance. Although its yield is not particularly high, its stability is particularly good, and it is popular among farmers.

Just now we mentioned that the soil situation in Tianjin is quite complex. Let's take a look at it together through a graph. This is the distribution map of wheat sowing in Jinghai District this year, and the yellow area in the map represents the wheat sowing area. Zhongwang Town, located in the picture, has relatively poor soil quality and strong salinization. In this situation, it is necessary to sow "dry alkali wheat". Although the harvest is not high, the key is to have good stability. In the other two areas, Duliu Town and Chenguantun Town, the soil environment is relatively fertile and the salinity is low, so high-quality wheat seeds can be selected. The wheat field behind me can yield 1000-1200 kilograms per mu.

This year, a total of 1.8 million mu of winter wheat was planted in Tianjin. In order to accelerate harvesting, various types of machinery were mobilized locally, and more than 40 emergency operation service teams were organized throughout the city to assist in harvesting while ensuring that the grains were returned to the warehouse.

Heilongjiang: The Summer Rice Tube is Right in Time

Improvement of salt alkali has achieved results

In Daqing City, Heilongjiang Province, rice is about to enter the tillering stage in mid June, including nearly 40000 acres of rice in improved saline alkali land. So, what is the difference between the summer management work in the stage of improving saline alkali land and ordinary farmland? How about improving the growth of rice in saline alkali soil?

CCTV reporter Wang Haiqiao: I am currently located in Shuangyushu Village, Datong District, Daqing City, Heilongjiang Province. Beside me is a rice field of over 3000 acres. The rice here is about to enter the tillering stage, and the summer management work is currently underway. We can see on site that three plant protection drones are carrying out the operation of applying tillering fertilizer, with the aim of allowing the rice to fully absorb nutrients to meet its growth needs and promote its tillering. Compared with traditional manual fertilization, the advantage of using plant protection drones for fertilization is that the application of fertilizers is more uniform, precise, and effective, which can effectively improve the utilization rate of fertilizers and the efficiency of operations. Like this 3000 acre paddy field, three drones can complete all fertilization operations in just three to four days.

We have also learned that in most rice planting areas in Heilongjiang Province, only one type of tillering fertilizer, namely nitrogen fertilizer, is needed during the pre tillering period. This is an important nutrient element that is very needed during rice tillering. But on site, I saw two different types of fertilizers. One was granular solid fertilizer, which was directly thrown into the field, and the other was liquid fertilizer. The functions of these two fertilizers are different, let's first look at this solid fertilizer.

In general rice growing areas, the nitrogen fertilizer used is mainly urea, which is a neutral fertilizer. However, the fertilizer used here is actually slightly acidic. This is because the paddy field next to me was newly built through a saline alkali land improvement project this year. Currently, the pH value of the water and soil in the entire paddy field is relatively high, which means the salinity is relatively high. By using this slightly acidic nitrogen fertilizer, while supplementing the nitrogen element in rice, it can also regulate the soil and water salinity.

Let's take a look at this liquid fertilizer, which has a slightly yellowish color. It is a zinc rich foliar fertilizer that can be attached to rice leaves after being fertilized by drones. This is because the effective content of zinc in saline alkali soil is much lower than that in ordinary soil. In order to meet the needs of rice growth and development, it is necessary to add foliar fertilizers rich in zinc at this stage.

It can be said that both of these fertilizers are tailored for this saline alkali rice field, so what are the difficulties in growing rice in saline alkali land? Let's do an experiment together. We have prepared two samples of soil with added water. This grayish white soil sample was taken from the saline alkali soil around the farmland, with a pH value exceeding 9, indicating severe saline alkali soil. The other sample is a common black soil sample in Northeast China, which we soaked in water an hour ago. As you can see, the black soil has now turned into a muddy state, and its properties are very suitable for planting rice. On the other side of the sample, the water is very turbid, and the saline alkali soil soaked for an hour is still as hard as a stone. Although the surface is relatively smooth, it cannot be crushed even when pinched hard. After breaking it with a hammer, we found that only the surface layer was moist, and the soil inside was still very dry. This is because the structural characteristics of saline alkali soil contain a large amount of saline alkali elements, resulting in soil compaction and poor water permeability. The entire soil structure is not particularly suitable for planting rice. There is a saying from local farmers that when the saline alkali soil is wet, it is a mess, and when it is dry, it looks like a knife. At the same time, saline alkali soil is rich in soluble salts and alkaline elements, which can also affect the absorption of other nutrients by crops in the soil, thereby affecting crop growth.

The rice paddies behind me used to be heavily saline alkali land, mostly barren land without any growth. In recent years, local research institutions such as the Northeast Center of the National Salt alkali tolerant Rice Technology Innovation Center and the Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences have collaborated to carry out salt alkali land improvement projects. By applying some amendments to the soil, it is possible to effectively improve the soil structure, reduce its pH value, and effectively suppress the salt content in the soil. In addition, it is necessary to apply organic fertilizer to the soil to increase the content of organic matter in the soil, so that the soil can meet the basic requirements for planting rice. Then, by selecting some alkali resistant and stable rice varieties, the barren land in the past can be transformed into stable and income increasing paddy fields today. For example, the improved paddy fields around me have achieved an average yield of 370 kilograms per mu last year.

The total amount of saline alkali land in Daqing City now exceeds 400000 acres. Since 2019, through the saline alkali land renovation project, nearly 40000 acres of land have been improved into good fields for growing rice. There are still many saline alkali land resources that need to be developed and utilized in Heilongjiang Province. This year, we will continue to promote saline alkali land improvement projects. By awakening the dormant resource of saline alkali land, we will demand grain from it, turn wasteland into fertile land, and achieve increased grain production and farmers' income.