Qi Hui | Understanding the entire process of people's democracy from five dimensions | People | Democracy

The whole process of people's democracy realizes the unity of process democracy and outcome democracy, procedural democracy and substantive democracy, direct democracy and indirect democracy, people's democracy and national will. It is a democracy that covers the entire chain, all aspects, and is the most extensive, authentic, and effective form of socialist democracy. The four unifications, three comprehensions, and three most contain the characteristics and advantages of people's democracy throughout the entire process, which can be understood and grasped from five dimensions: values, democratic forms, political systems, operational mechanisms, and governance effectiveness.

From a value perspective, the entire process of people's democracy has dual value attributes of "people's democracy" and "people-oriented". Firstly, the value connotation of "people's democracy" is mainly reflected in the fact that democracy is for or for the benefit of the vast majority of people. Marx and Engels pointed out in the Communist Manifesto that "all movements of the past were movements for or for the benefit of a few people. The proletarian movement was an independent movement for and for the benefit of the vast majority of people." "People's democracy" takes "the interests of the vast majority of people" as its value orientation, and it is different from the form of democracy that atomizes individuals' pursuit of "individual supremacy" and results in a minority or for the benefit of a few people. Throughout the process, people's democracy is committed to concrete and realistic reflection of the people's decision-making in the daily lives of the vast majority of people and the sustainable development of the country and society. Secondly, the value connotation of "people-oriented" is mainly reflected in taking meeting people's comprehensive needs and promoting their comprehensive development as the fundamental starting point and foothold of economic and social development. It is different from the self alienation caused by "putting things first" or "putting money first". Throughout the process, people's democracy emphasizes the coordinated development of material civilization and spiritual civilization, the comprehensive enhancement of material and spiritual power, and the synchronous improvement of material and spiritual life. Once again, the dual value attributes of "people's democracy" and "people-oriented" inherent in the entire process of people's democracy require the ruling party to take "public governance" as the fundamental political concept, put the people at the center, and take on the responsibility and mission of serving the country and the people as a whole and for the world.

From the perspective of democratic forms, the whole process of people's democracy is complementary to election democracy and consultative democracy. In the entire process of people's democracy, electoral democracy and consultative democracy are not mutually replaceable or negating, but complementary and mutually beneficial. From the perspective of electoral democracy, the most concentrated manifestation is the election of people's representatives. People's Congress representatives come from the people, and the institutionalized needs of the people enter the top-level design of national development. From the perspective of deliberative democracy, socialist deliberative democracy is an important way to realize the leadership of the CPC, and is a unique form and unique advantage of China's socialist democratic politics. Adapting to the national conditions, promoting the extensive and multi-level institutionalized development of consultative democracy is a strategic task of democratic political construction. The coordinated promotion of seven consultation channels, including political party consultation, people's congress consultation, government consultation, CPPCC consultation, people's organization consultation, grassroots consultation, and social organization consultation, has formed China's consultative democracy system. All major issues related to reform, development, and stability, as well as practical issues that benefit the people, should be extensively negotiated before and during decision-making, striving to form consensus and reflect the true essence of people's democracy. Collaborative promotion of electoral democracy and consultative democracy is a necessary part of the development of people's democracy throughout the entire process. Building a democratic system covering over 9.6 million square kilometers of land, over 1.4 billion people, and 56 ethnic groups can achieve the broadest and sustained participation of the people.

From a political system perspective, the entire process of people's democracy is based on a fundamental political system and three basic political systems as the fundamental political system carriers. The system of people's congresses, as the fundamental political system, and the system of multi-party cooperation and political consultation led by the CPC, the system of regional ethnic autonomy, and the system of grass-roots mass autonomy, as the basic political system, together constitute the basic political system that carries the whole process of people's democracy, and organically integrates the leadership of the Party, the people's ownership, and the rule of law. Throughout the political history of ancient and modern times, both domestically and internationally, there is no "flying peak" in political systems. Any design and development of political systems must be based on the actual situation and historical and cultural traditions of the country. The system of the People's Congress and the system of political consultation are deeply related to the people-oriented ideology of Chinese civilization and the concept of universal governance. Excellent traditional cultures such as the principle of serving the people, inclusiveness, and seeking common ground while reserving differences can maintain and nourish the effective operation of the political system. The establishment of a single system rather than a federal or federal system, and the implementation of a regional ethnic autonomy system, are in line with the trend of internal cohesion and diversified integration in the development of the Chinese nation. The system of grassroots mass autonomy has been deeply influenced by the national governance system and governance methods that have been based on counties and counties for thousands of years in a unified country. It can be said that the fundamental political system that carries the entire process of people's democracy, rooted in the more than 5000 years of Chinese civilization history, draws rich historical and cultural nutrients, and adapts to the new democratic system of Marxism's sinicization and modernization, forming a political system advantage that can maximize the integration of resources and widely and continuously participate in concentrated efforts to accomplish great things.

From the perspective of operational mechanism, the entire process of people's democracy is a complete participatory practice with institutional mechanism guarantees. In practice, the whole process of people's democracy not only involves extensive participation and smooth expression, but also effectively realizes various democratic rights. Under the leadership of the CPC, the people express their will and demands through the whole chain of democratic processes of democratic election, democratic consultation, democratic decision-making, democratic management, and democratic supervision. Through legal procedures, they become the party's and the country's guidelines and policies, which are implemented at all levels of the central, provincial, municipal, county, and township levels. The division of labor and cooperation between various functional departments, and the organic connection of decision-making, implementation, inspection, supervision, and accountability, are ultimately translated into concrete practices to achieve the people's will. In addition, the CPC's mass line of "coming from the masses, going to the masses" provides endogenous impetus and institutional guarantee for people's democracy in the whole process. In national governance, the interaction between the masses and the ruling party runs through the entire process. The ruling party puts the people at the center and wholeheartedly serves the people, presenting a closed-loop system of "expression of public opinion → collection of public opinion → refinement of public opinion → implementation of public opinion → inspection of public opinion → feedback of public opinion", providing a platform and guarantee for the people's genuine, extensive, and lasting participation in decision-making and management.

From the perspective of governance effectiveness, the entire process of people's democracy ensures effective governance of the country and society. For a culturally diverse country like China with a super large scale, super complex structure, and a long history, the whole process of people's democracy can correctly handle the relationship between individuals, the state, and society, and achieve effective governance. In the institutional arrangement and operational mechanism of the entire process of people's democracy, the establishment of the people's subjectivity status has stimulated the initiative and creativity of billions of people. The people not only fully enjoy the right to democratic elections, but also fully enjoy the rights to democratic elections, democratic consultation, democratic decision-making, democratic management, and democratic supervision; Participate in both national affairs management and economic, cultural, and social affairs management; Participated in soliciting opinions and suggestions on the top-level design of national development, as well as participating in local public affairs governance; By expressing their wishes through channels such as the Party Committee, National People's Congress, government, CPPCC, supervisory organs, and judicial organs, as well as through channels such as people's organizations, enterprises and institutions, grassroots mass autonomous organizations, social organizations, and other organizations, a dynamic balance of order and vitality has been maintained, creating rare miracles of rapid economic development and long-term social stability.

In short, the entire process of people's democracy is rooted in the soil of China, a product of the combination of two, an open system, and a process full of vitality and continuous "generation". The whole process of people's democracy contains the order structure of "family, country and the world" with one source of integration and application. By giving full play to the enthusiasm, initiative and creativity of hundreds of millions of people under the leadership of the CPC, the real political community will be shaped, showing a lasting and everlasting peace and cooperation, which will contribute Chinese wisdom and Chinese programs to human political civilization.

Author: Qi Hui

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