Please understand these knowledge!, About Monkeypox Clinical | Lymph Nodes | Knowledge
Recently, Beijing and Guangzhou have successively detected cases of monkeypox virus infection through monitoring.
So, is monkeypox serious? What are the clinical manifestations? What are the sources of infection? How effective is the treatment? Can it heal on its own? Let's learn together!
Understanding Monkeypox
Monkeypox is a zoonotic viral disease caused by monkeypox virus infection, clinically characterized by fever, rash, and enlarged lymph nodes.
The main source of infection is rodents infected with monkeypox virus. Primates can also become sources of infection after infection.
Transmission routes
The virus invades the human body through mucous membranes and damaged skin.
People are mainly infected through contact with the exudate, blood, and other bodily fluids of infected animals, or by being bitten or scratched by infected animals.
The transmission between people is mainly through close contact, and can also be transmitted through droplets. Contact with items contaminated with viruses can also lead to infection, and it can also be transmitted vertically through the placenta. Sexual transmission cannot be ruled out yet.
Good prognosis
Monkeypox is a self limiting disease with a good prognosis in most cases. Severe cases are common in young children and immunocompromised populations, and prognosis is related to the viral branch of infection, degree of virus exposure, previous health status, and severity of complications.
susceptible person
The crowd is generally susceptible. Individuals who have received the smallpox vaccine in the past have a certain degree of cross protection against monkeypox virus.
clinical manifestation
1
The incubation period is 5-21 days, mostly 6-13 days.
2
In the early stages of the disease, chills and fever may occur, and the body temperature is often above 38.5 ℃. It may be accompanied by symptoms such as headache, drowsiness, fatigue, back pain, and muscle pain. Most patients experience lymph node enlargement in areas such as the neck, armpits, and groin.
3
A rash appears 1-3 days after onset. The rash first appears on the face and gradually spreads to the limbs and other parts.
four
The rash undergoes several stages of changes, including rash, papules, herpes, pus, and scabbing. Herpes and pustules are mostly spherical in shape, with a diameter of 0.5-1 centimeters. They have a harder texture and can be accompanied by obvious itching and pain.
five
From onset to scab shedding for 2-4 weeks. Some patients may experience complications, including secondary bacterial infections at the skin lesion site, bronchopneumonia, encephalitis, corneal infections, sepsis, etc.
/Treatment/
At present, there is no specific anti monkeypox virus drug in China, mainly for symptomatic support and treatment of complications.
symptomatic and supportive treatment
1
Rest in bed, pay attention to supplementing nutrition and water, and maintain water and electrolyte balance.
2
For those with high body temperature, physical cooling is the main method. If the temperature exceeds 38.5 ℃, antipyretic and analgesic drugs should be given to reduce fever, but attention should be paid to preventing excessive sweating from causing collapse.
3
Keep the skin, mouth, eyes, and nose clean and moist, and avoid scratching the skin of the rash area to prevent secondary infections. When there is severe pain in the rash area, analgesics can be administered.
Treatment of complications
1
When secondary skin bacterial infections occur, effective antimicrobial therapy should be administered, and adjustments should be made based on pathogen culture, isolation, identification, and drug sensitivity results. Preventive use of antibiotics is not recommended.
2
When corneal lesions occur, eye drops can be used, supplemented with treatments such as vitamin A. When encephalitis occurs, treatment such as sedation, dehydration to reduce intracranial pressure, and airway protection should be given.
