Collect! Official Release of Public Health Protection Guidelines for High Temperature Heat Waves High Temperature | Health | Public
In order to protect public health and address the health issues caused by high temperature waves in summer in China, measures and suggestions for population health risk intervention are proposed to guide the public in scientific protection, prevent and reduce the health hazards of high temperature waves to the population. Therefore, the "Guidelines for Public Health Protection Against High Temperature Heat Waves" are formulated. This guide is applicable to public health protection during the occurrence of high temperature heat waves in summer. The public should learn the basic knowledge related to high temperature heat waves and health, understand the basic concepts of health protection against high temperature heat waves, and take health protection measures against high temperature heat waves.
1. Basics
1. High temperature heat wave
The "High Temperature Heat Wave Level" defines high temperature heat waves as weather processes with high temperature, high humidity, and long duration, which make the human body feel uncomfortable and may threaten public health and life safety, increase energy consumption, and affect social production activities.
2. Health effects of high temperature heat waves
High temperature heat waves can directly cause heat related diseases such as rash, swelling, syncope, spasms, heat exhaustion, and heat stroke. Heat spasms, heat exhaustion, and heat stroke are three different clinical manifestations of severe heat stroke, as follows:
Heat spasms. After sweating profusely, there are brief and intermittent muscle spasms accompanied by contraction pain, which are commonly seen in the muscles of the limbs, chewing muscles, and abdominal muscles, especially the gastrocnemius muscle, showing symmetry. The body temperature is generally normal.
Heat exhaustion. A group of clinical syndromes characterized by insufficient blood volume, such as excessive sweating, damp and cold skin, pale complexion, nausea, dizziness, significant increase in heart rate, hypotension, oliguria, and may be accompanied by dizziness and fainting. The body temperature often rises but does not exceed 40 ℃, and some patients only experience an increase in body temperature in the early stages.
Heat stroke. Clinical manifestations mainly include significant increase in body temperature and consciousness disorders, manifested as dry and hot skin, no sweating, delirium, coma, etc; May be accompanied by generalized epileptic seizures, rhabdomyolysis, and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. Body temperature can reach 40 ℃ or above.
High temperature heat waves can exacerbate the occurrence and development of cardiovascular, respiratory, urinary, and neurological diseases, leading to attacks of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases such as heart disease and stroke; Causing serious lung diseases; Causing acute decline in renal function, and in severe cases leading to renal failure; It can also cause mental and behavioral disorders, leading to a series of mental disorders such as cognitive impairment, anxiety, and depression, thereby increasing the number of accidents and casualties. Excessive exposure to high-intensity ultraviolet radiation during hot waves can also have adverse effects on the skin and eyes.
3. Key groups for health protection against high temperature and heat waves
There are three main types of key populations, the first being sensitive populations such as children, pregnant women, and the elderly; The second group is patients with chronic basic diseases, such as circulatory diseases, respiratory diseases, mental and behavioral disorders, kidney diseases and diabetes; The third category is outdoor workers, such as farmers, construction workers, sanitation workers, couriers, etc.
4. High temperature heat wave warning information
High temperature warning signal. The Guidelines for Meteorological Disaster Warning Signals and Defense stipulate that high temperature warning signals are divided into three levels.
Information on thermal health risk prediction, warning, and intervention. Including health risk monitoring, health risk warning, and health risk warning information.
2. basic idea
Scientific and effective individual protection measures can reduce the health hazards of high temperature and heat waves to a certain extent.
2. Timely release of high-temperature warning and thermal health risk prediction intervention information, guiding the public to do scientific protection, can effectively reduce health losses.
3. Sensitive populations such as children, pregnant women, and the elderly, as well as patients with chronic underlying diseases, need to strengthen their self-protection in high temperature heat waves. The health protection against high temperature heat waves for outdoor workers needs to be given special attention.
Recommendations for protective measures for the 3. general population
1. Keep the indoor environment cool
Maintain appropriate temperature and humidity. When the indoor temperature is high, cooling equipment can be used to lower the ambient temperature; At night and in the morning, the temperature can be reduced by opening windows for ventilation. When the indoor humidity is not suitable, dehumidification or humidification equipment can be used to adjust the indoor humidity.
Reduce direct sunlight. Close the windows facing the sun or use sunshades, curtains, etc. to block direct sunlight.
Reduce the use of indoor electrical equipment. Turn off unnecessary lights and electrical equipment that is prone to heat generation; Prevent fires caused by excessive electricity consumption, which can lead to wire overload.
2. Reduce outdoor high temperature exposure
Reduce going out. Try to avoid outdoor physical activities and outdoor sports as much as possible; If you need to go out for activities, try to avoid going out during high temperature periods.
Pay attention to sun protection. Wear lightweight, loose, light colored clothes when going out, and use sunscreen.
Move in a cool place. Try to avoid high temperature environments and direct sunlight, and it is advisable to move in a cool place.
Reduce physical exertion. If you need to go out in hot weather, you should reduce vigorous activities and take timely rest to avoid excessive physical exertion.
3. Pay attention to physical health
Prepare heatstroke prevention and cooling medicine. Properly store heatstroke prevention and cooling drugs, and take them when the body is not in a timely manner; If suffering from chronic underlying diseases or taking multiple medications for a long time, one should consult a doctor.
Pay attention to regulating your diet. Drink water in a timely manner, prepare heatstroke prevention and cooling drinks, drink cold drinks in moderation, and avoid drinking drinks containing alcohol, caffeine, and a large amount of sugar; Eat small and multiple meals, with a light and easily digestible diet.
Pay attention to changes in body temperature. Timely measure body temperature. In case of abnormal body temperature, cold water, ice cubes, ice packs, ice towels and other cooling products can be used to physically cool the skin, clothes, or neck area. If conditions permit, take a shower or shower.
Pay attention to discomfort symptoms. Carry heatstroke relief medication with you when going out. If you experience heatstroke, you can use the medication to relieve the symptoms. If there are symptoms of heatstroke such as dizziness, headache, fatigue, thirst, excessive sweating, palpitations, flushed complexion, burning skin, and slightly higher than normal body temperature, seek help in a timely manner, transfer to a cool place to rest as soon as possible, measure body temperature, and replenish fluids; If muscle spasms occur, one should immediately rest in a cool and shaded place, and supplement drinks containing electrolytes appropriately; If discomfort symptoms persist, seek medical attention promptly.
Seek medical attention immediately if symptoms are severe. If there is skin burning, blurred consciousness, excitement, unclear speech, irritability, delirium, convulsions, and coma, seek medical attention immediately or call an ambulance. At the same time, rest in a cool place immediately, place cooling products in the neck, armpits, and groin to cool down, measure body temperature, and maintain ventilation.
4、 Suggestions for protective measures for key populations
On the basis of implementing protective measures for the general population, key groups also need to strengthen their own health protection according to the following measures.
1. Sensitive population
Try to avoid high temperatures as much as possible. Avoid strenuous activities to provide adequate rest for the body; Encourage children playing outdoors to stay in a cool place as much as possible, while pregnant women and elderly people should stay indoors in a cool environment as much as possible.
Ensure sufficient moisture and replenish electrolytes. Drink water proactively, multiple times, and in moderation. Do not drink water only when feeling thirsty; Properly supplement beverages containing electrolytes and avoid consuming beverages with excessive sugar content; Pay attention to urine volume and color. If urine volume decreases and color darkens, it indicates insufficient water in the body.
Maintain communication and contact. Keep in touch with family and neighbors, and seek help and care from others in a timely manner. Elderly people living alone should visit every day and leave their contact information to neighbors or communities.
2. Patients with chronic underlying diseases
Timely replenish moisture. Drink water proactively, multiple times, and in moderation. Do not drink water only when feeling thirsty; If the amount of water consumed is restricted due to illness or if diuretics are needed, promptly consult a doctor for a reasonable amount of water.
Reduce exercise. Not engaging in strenuous activities to give the body sufficient rest; If exercise is necessary, schedule it at cooler times of the day as much as possible.
Properly replenish electrolytes. Supplementing lost electrolytes in moderation through meals and drinks; If you are on a low salt diet, you should consult a doctor.
Stay in touch. Keep in touch with family and neighbors, and seek help and care from others in a timely manner.
3. Outdoor workers
Supplement water and electrolytes. In moderate intensity homework activities, one glass of water should be consumed every 15 to 20 minutes; Drink water before thirst to maintain body hydration. Timely intake of foods and drinks containing salt and minerals to replenish lost electrolytes in the body.
Stay cool. It is advisable to wear reflective clothing and cool vests with ice packs; Replace clothes soaked in sweat in a timely manner.
Reasonably arrange outdoor homework time. Arrange work that is exposed to high temperatures as much as possible to cooler times of the day; Outdoor workers should take regular breaks, and rest should be done in a cool place or in a place with cooling equipment; A shift system can be adopted during high temperature periods to increase the rest time and frequency of workers as much as possible.
Prevent occupational heatstroke. Reduce labor intensity, slow down work speed, and if there are signs of heatstroke, immediately move to a cool and shaded place to rest, drink moderate water to cool down; If the condition is severe, seek medical attention immediately or call an ambulance.
Regular health check ups. Outdoor operators should regularly carry out routine occupational health examination and emergency occupational health examination before and during their work. It is strictly prohibited for those suffering from chronic kidney disease, uncontrolled hypertension, uncontrolled hyperthyroidism, uncontrolled diabetes, blood stasis area ≥ 20%, epilepsy and other personnel to engage in high-temperature work.
