Building an institutional system conducive to basic research

Release time:Apr 13, 2024 23:33 PM

Authors: Chen Kaihua, Lin Jie

We must deepen the reform of the basic research system and mechanism, accelerate the construction of a favorable institutional system for basic research from four aspects: talent cultivation, funding investment, project organization, and environmental protection, and provide systematic guarantees for promoting the high-quality development of basic research.

Establish a basic research talent training system guided by talent quality. An excellent team of basic research talents is the basic guarantee for strengthening China's basic research capabilities. Basic research relies on the creativity of ideas, requiring a scientific spirit of courage to explore, seeking truth and pragmatism, willing to be lonely, and pursuing excellence. However, China's basic subject education system is not perfect, and the reform of the basic research talent training system is relatively lagging behind, making it difficult to stimulate innovative thinking among talents. We need to establish a sound system for cultivating basic research talents with the goal of improving the quality of basic research talents. One is to incorporate science education into major strategic planning across institutions and departments. Optimize the basic subject education system, strengthen the role of science education in talent education, establish the important position of science education and science curriculum, strengthen the cultivation of scientific literacy in the basic education stage, and guide young people to increase their interest in scientific research. The second is to improve the enrollment and selection mechanism for basic subject majors. Innovate the talent cultivation model for basic research by exploring training models such as small class size and mentorship, selecting and cultivating students who are willing to serve the major strategic needs of the country and have excellent comprehensive qualities or outstanding basic disciplines, and reserving talents for basic disciplines. The third is to establish a graduate education and training system that meets the needs of basic research activities. Increase the per capita funding for basic disciplines, establish special funds for talent cultivation in basic disciplines, and establish a stable investment mechanism for talent cultivation in basic disciplines. At the same time, establish a high-level talent cultivation model of "major technological innovation platform+major technological projects", and cultivate a group of high-level basic research talents in the practice of major scientific and technological activities.

Establish a diversified basic research funding investment system. Basic research has a long investment cycle and high research difficulty, which requires stable and sustained funding support. The Science and Technology Progress Law stipulates that the national finance shall establish a stable investment mechanism to support basic research. The State Council issued the "Several Opinions on Strengthening Basic Scientific Research in a Comprehensive Way", which proposes to establish a diversified investment mechanism for basic research and further deepen the reform of scientific research projects and fund management. However, there is still a lack of specific implementation rules regarding ensuring investment in basic research, investment intensity, and promoting diversified investment methods, and a stable system to support basic research has not yet been formed. We need to establish a sound basic research investment system with the goal of achieving diversified investment in basic research funds. One is to establish a mid-term fiscal science and technology budget planning mechanism to ensure the stable growth of basic research funds in central government science and technology expenditures. Based on the national medium and long-term science and technology plan, the central government's science and technology plan, and the construction of major science and technology infrastructure, we will comprehensively consider the funding needs of basic research and technology projects, scientific research institutions, base platforms, and talent team construction. We will establish a system arrangement that connects the mid-term financial budget with the annual budget, and constrains the annual budget with the mid-term budget to maintain stable growth in basic research investment. The second is to guide local governments to increase investment in basic research funds. Strengthening the technological innovation orientation of fiscal technology expenditure, the proportion of local government technology investment and basic research funding should be appropriately required in the assessment according to different situations. Local governments with certain conditions can increase investment in basic research by establishing provincial natural science funds, constructing local laboratories, innovation platforms, etc. The third is to establish smooth channels for social forces to participate in basic research. Improve relevant laws, regulations, and policies from multiple aspects such as tax incentives, government procurement, intellectual property protection, venture capital, and achievement transformation, fully stimulate the enthusiasm of enterprises to carry out basic research activities, encourage social forces to directly donate or establish funds, and support basic research in universities, scientific research institutions, etc.

Establish an efficiency oriented organizational system for basic research projects. The competition in science and technology is gradually moving towards the forefront, and the integration of science and technology with economic and social development is becoming increasingly close. China's basic research not only needs to achieve significant breakthroughs in forward-looking and leading original achievements, but also needs to provide source support for core technology breakthroughs. With the expansion of the scope of basic research, the organizational management of basic research has become increasingly complex, including not only pure basic research activities aimed at free exploration, but also strategic demand oriented basic research activities and market-oriented applied basic research activities. Therefore, we need to establish a sound organizational system for basic research projects with the goal of improving organizational efficiency. One is to establish a normalized condensation mechanism for major scientific issues and key technological scientific issues. Give play to the leading role of institutions such as the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Chinese Academy of Engineering, and the National Laboratory in science and technology, and continue to refine scientific issues from the perspective of long-term needs and strategic overall situation such as discipline frontier, scientific and technological situation, economic development, social progress, and national security. The second is to establish a topic selection mechanism that combines top-down and bottom-up approaches. In addition to bottom-up project applications that focus on free exploration, we will strengthen support for forward-looking basic research, cutting-edge leading technologies, and strategic high-tech fields, explore and implement recommendation application mechanisms, and support reputable experts, institutions, or managers to directly recommend basic research projects, so that scientists with ideas, abilities, and the courage to innovate can receive support. The third is to provide stable support to a group of basic research and research teams. Focusing on basic science, technical science, and engineering science, we will provide long-term and stable support to a group of young talents who have achieved outstanding results and have obvious innovative potential. The funding method will shift from "supporting projects" to "supporting teams", providing long-term and stable support and guarantee for basic research talents, gradually forming our own capabilities in forward-looking basic research and strategic high-tech fields, and cultivating a high-level basic research team.

Establish a dynamic oriented basic research environmental protection system. Reduce the burden, delegate power, and empower scientific researchers, strengthen the service guarantee for basic research activities, and enable outstanding talents who are truly committed to basic research to focus on their research. Currently, China has introduced a large number of reform measures to improve the basic research environment, but they have not been effectively implemented, resulting in a lack of willingness among researchers to engage in basic research and explore freely. Therefore, we need to establish a sound environmental protection system for basic research with the goal of stimulating the research motivation of basic research talents. One is to improve the basic research projects and talent evaluation mechanism. Following the laws of basic research, starting from the funding mechanism and talent management mechanism needed to achieve breakthroughs in basic research, we will improve the classification and evaluation system of basic research projects, and implement a long-term evaluation mechanism for basic research talents. The second is to establish a basic research environment that tolerates failure. Basic research often has unclear paths, uncertain methods, and a high failure rate. It is necessary to create a free, relaxed, and tolerant environment for failure throughout society, so that basic research talents can boldly explore and devote themselves to research. The third is to accelerate the reform of the income structure of basic research talents. Adjust the basic guarantee and performance ratio of basic research talents, stabilize and support the team engaged in basic, cutting-edge, and public welfare research, so that researchers can devote themselves to long-term research on major issues. The fourth is to strengthen the living guarantee for basic research talents. Strengthen humanistic care, especially for young talents in the early stages of their scientific research career, to solve their worries in medical care, children's education, housing and other aspects of life, and to mobilize their enthusiasm for engaging in basic research.

Guangming Daily

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Building an institutional system conducive to basic research

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