Beautiful China New Scroll | Significant Achievements in Black Soil Protection Achieve Stable and Increased Grain Production in Lishu County | Cultivation | Achievements

CCTV News: Let's take a look at the special arrangement of the "Beautiful China New Scroll". Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, significant steps have been taken in the construction of a beautiful China, and the stability of the ecosystem has been continuously improved. The battles to defend the blue sky, clear water, and pure land have been launched one after another. In the past decade of the new era, China has made historic achievements in ecological and environmental protection. The PM2.5 concentration in key cities across the country has decreased by 57%, making China the country with the fastest improvement rate in global air quality; The proportion of high-quality surface water sections in China has increased by 23.8 percentage points, approaching the level of developed countries. The sky is bluer, the mountains are greener, and the water is clearer, which significantly enhances the sense of ecological achievement, happiness, and security of the people.

Jilin Pear Tree: Multiple Perspectives on the Significant Effectiveness of Pear Tree Black Soil Protection

Black soil is a rare soil resource on Earth, and people use "one or two black soil and two or two oil" to describe its fertility and preciousness. In Lishu County, Jilin Province, in recent years, the local government has continuously summarized and promoted conservation tillage methods, which have quietly changed the black soil here. What changes have conservation tillage brought about? Let's follow the reporter and take a look together from multiple perspectives.

CCTV reporter Zhang Aoran: This is Lishu County, Jilin Province, a major grain producing county in China. The location where I am standing is the core demonstration area of the million acre standardized corn production base in the local area. In recent years, the local government has been continuously exploring conservation tillage methods, striving to achieve protection in development and development in conservation. What specific measures are there? Let's take a look at the pear tree from four perspectives. Let's take a bird's-eye view from the air first. You see, the terrain in the central and western regions of Jilin Province, where Lishu County is located, is very obvious. The vast plain and black soil have created a large granary in China. The grain sowing area in Lishu County this year has reached 3.93 million mu, of which more than 85% is corn. The local government has divided 4500 acres of land into a production unit, breaking the original land boundaries between farmers and implementing full mechanized operations from planting to harvesting. This new type of management entity can maximize the role of agricultural machinery and carry out more large-scale and standardized agricultural production.

Our perspective comes to mid air. At present, it is a critical period for corn growth and requires meticulous field management. In recent days, local farmers are carrying out "flying defense" operations, and drones equipped with the BeiDou navigation system can accurately control the route. The land you can see in front of you only requires one person to complete the fertilization operation. In recent years, local conservation tillage methods have made black soil increasingly fertile, reducing the amount of fertilizer used per hectare of corn by 100 kilograms. Monitoring stations in the fields use remote sensing systems to monitor soil temperature, humidity, and the occurrence of a series of diseases and pests in real time. Farmers can conduct remote field patrols with their mobile phones. At the same time, big data also guides farmers in field management, making the use of black soil more reasonable.

The perspective continues to descend to the ground. We can see a lot of rotten straw in the fields, which is the core of local conservation farming - returning straw to the field. Simply put, leaving the straw in the field after the autumn harvest is equivalent to covering the black soil with a layer of "quilt", so that the wind cannot blow away and the rain cannot carry it away. The traditional cultivation method involves first removing straw from the field, ridging, and sowing, and the agricultural machinery needs to be lowered multiple times. Here, through the development of protective tillage supporting agricultural machinery, multiple steps are grouped into one step, and methods such as no till and less till are adopted to minimize the damage to black soil.

I'm not sure if you've noticed. Different crops are planted on my left and right sides, with corn on the right and soybeans on the left. Their effects on soil microorganisms are different, and rotating cultivation on each plot can complement each other and reduce the occurrence of diseases and pests. What changes have these conservation tillage methods brought to black soil? Our perspective continues downward.

This is a profile of black soil that has been under conservation tillage for 10 years. This is the soil profile we captured during the same period without conservation tillage. It can be observed that there are very significant differences in the maize root system. The maize root system in the plots where conservation tillage is implemented reaches nearly 1 meter, while in the plots where conservation tillage is not implemented, the root system is only half a meter. Staying straw in the field can help retain water and moisture, making the soil more loose and more conducive to the deep penetration of crop roots. At the same time, the decomposition of straw will continuously increase the organic matter content in the soil, further enhancing soil fertility. After ten consecutive years of monitoring, the content of soil organic matter has doubled after implementing conservation tillage, and the number of earthworms per cubic meter has increased to over 60, which is more than 10 times that of traditional planting plots.

How to protect and make good use of black soil, the "giant panda in farmland"? Lishu County has continuously summarized and promoted conservation tillage, making black soil increasingly fertile, and increasing the average yield of corn by more than 8% per mu. Jilin Province also adopts appropriate protective tillage methods for different types of soil plots based on local conditions and zoning classification. This year, the area of conservation tillage in Jilin Province has reached 33 million mu, accounting for more than one-third of the grain sowing area. Protect the black soil like protecting the eyes, and the fertile black soil is constantly giving back to the local people. Indeed, it is the gifts of nature and the protection of humanity that have created granaries and magnificent landscapes. The answer given by Jilin Province is to achieve stable and increased grain production while protecting black soil.