1 case in Tianjin, another case of monkeypox found: 3 cases in Changsha | virus infection | Tianjin

Three cases of monkeypox are currently reported in Changsha, Hunan province

According to the Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, on July 5, 2023, three confirmed cases of monkeypox were detected during surveillance in Changsha City, Hunan Province. The cases are a 24 year old male, a 28 year old male, and a 38 year old male, respectively. After the discovery of the case, the health departments and disease control centers at the provincial, municipal, and district levels quickly carried out epidemiological investigations and medical treatment for the epidemic. At present, three cases are undergoing isolation and treatment in designated hospitals, and their condition is stable.

Monkeypox is a zoonotic disease caused by the monkeypox virus. Previously, monkeypox was mainly prevalent in Central and West Africa. At present, monkeypox cases have been found in 111 countries and regions worldwide, and interpersonal transmission is mainly among men who engage in male sexual activity. On May 11, 2023, the World Health Organization announced that the monkeypox epidemic no longer constitutes an "international public health emergency of concern". At present, the risk of monkeypox infection to the public is low. It is recommended that the public actively learn about monkeypox prevention knowledge and take personal health protection measures.

Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention issues health reminders

1. What are the infectious sources of monkeypox?

The host of monkeypox virus is not clear, and it is currently believed that African rodents may be its natural host. The source of infection includes infected rodents, monkeys and apes and other primates, patients. The case is contagious after the onset of symptoms until the rash crusts fall off naturally. Cases may be contagious within 4 days prior to the onset of symptoms.

2. How is monkeypox transmitted?

Monkeypox virus mainly invades the human body through mucous membranes and damaged skin, mainly through contact with infected animals or human skin and mucosal lesions exudate, respiratory secretions, blood and other body fluids; it can also be bitten and scratched by infected animals, contact with infected animals or people contaminated objects and surfaces, long-term close inhalation of infected droplets or droplet nuclei, mother-to-child transmission and other transmission. The global epidemic since May 2022 has spread mainly through men who have sex with men.

3. Susceptible population of monkeypox?

Vaccination of smallpox vaccine has a certain degree of cross-protection against monkeypox virus. People who have not been vaccinated against smallpox are generally susceptible to monkeypox virus.

4. Clinical manifestations of monkeypox?

The incubation period is 5-21 days, mostly 6-13 days. Monkeypox virus infection is mainly manifested as a dominant disease, and there are also asymptomatic infections. Prodromal symptoms of about 1-5 days, the early onset of fever, headache, back pain, myalgia and lymphadenopathy and other prodromal symptoms.

Usually, rash or mucosal lesions appear after fever subsides, but in some cases, the lesions may appear before the prodromal phase or systemic symptoms. Rashes can be single or multiple, usually going through stages of rash, papules, herpes, pustules, and scabbing. Rashes in different stages can coexist. May be accompanied by obvious itching and pain. Monkeypox lesions can affect the oral and pharyngeal mucosa, anus, rectum, genitalia, conjunctiva, and cornea. After the scab falls off, it may leave erythema or pigmentation, and even scars, which can last for several years. The course of monkeypox is about 2-4 weeks. Most cases are self limiting diseases, and symptoms will disappear on their own. There are also severe cases and deaths, mainly in children, pregnant women, and immunocompromised populations. In 2022, the mortality rate of infected patients in non endemic areas worldwide is approximately 0.1%. Compared with previous outbreaks, most of the monkeypox outbreaks in many countries around the world since 2022 have mild clinical manifestations. Some have no prodrome, little or no rash, more genital, anal and anorectal mucosal lesions, mumps, balanitis, urinary retention and proctitis, etc. Complications include meningoencephalitis, extensive necrotic lesions, and multiple organs can be involved. Deaths account for about 0.1% of the reported cases, mainly among people with low immunity, such as AIDS virus infected people who have not been treated in the past.

5, monkeypox can be prevented, how to prevent monkeypox?

Avoid close contact with suspected monkeypox patients and avoid having sex with suspected infected persons.

Avoid contact with items and materials used by patients, such as tableware, cups, bedding, towels, or clothing.

Avoid direct contact with wild animals in countries with high outbreaks of monkeypox, and avoid capturing, slaughtering, and consuming local animals raw.

Develop good hygiene habits, regularly clean and disinfect, and maintain good hand hygiene.

Improve awareness and prevention awareness of monkeypox, and do a good job of self symptom monitoring. If symptoms such as unexplained fever, rash, and enlarged lymph nodes occur, one should seek medical attention proactively and inform the attending physician of their overseas travel history, contact history or exposure history of suspected animals and individuals, or cases of monkeypox, to assist in diagnosis and treatment.

6, how to carry out self-monitoring early detection?

If any one of the monkeypox epidemic history occurs, within 21 days from the date of last contact/exposure, monitor body temperature and symptoms every day to avoid sexual contact with others, avoid direct contact with immunocompromised personnel, children, the elderly, pregnant women and other personnel, avoid contact with pets and other animals, avoid blood donation, etc.; strictly take hand hygiene and respiratory hygiene measures, and wear masks when going out, try to avoid taking public transportation, avoid crowded places and confined spaces, and reduce unnecessary travel. During the self-monitoring of health, any acute symptoms or signs of discomfort, should be timely to the designated medical institutions and actively report suspicious contact/exposure history, to help diagnosis and treatment.

Tianjin city detected 1 case of monkeypox through monitoring

According to Tianjin Broadcasting, the reporter learned from the Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention that on July 6th, the city discovered and reported one suspected case of monkeypox virus infection through monitoring. The case was tested by the laboratory of the Municipal and District Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and reviewed by the China Center for Disease Control and Prevention. The result was a positive nucleic acid test for monkeypox virus.

On July 7th, after consultation with the national clinical expert group, it was diagnosed as a confirmed case of monkeypox virus infection. The patient is currently undergoing isolation treatment at a designated medical institution and their condition is stable.

Previously discovered cases of monkeypox in multiple places

On July 4th, the Liaoning Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention announced that on June 29th, Shenyang City reported a suspected case of monkeypox virus infection. The case underwent laboratory testing by the Liaoning and Shenyang Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, as well as review by the China Center for Disease Control and Prevention. The test result showed a positive nucleic acid test for monkeypox virus. After consultation with a clinical expert group, it was diagnosed as a confirmed case of monkeypox virus infection on July 3rd. The patient is currently undergoing isolation treatment at a designated medical institution and their condition is stable.

According to the official website of Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, on June 10th, two cases of monkeypox were detected during surveillance in Guangzhou. The cases are a 43 year old male and a 29 year old male, respectively. After laboratory testing by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention of Guangdong Province and Guangzhou City, as well as review by the China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, the laboratory results showed a positive nucleic acid test for monkeypox virus. Combined with epidemiological investigations, clinical manifestations, and laboratory test results, the diagnosis was confirmed as a case of monkeypox. The case is currently undergoing isolation and treatment in a designated hospital, with mild symptoms.

On June 6th, the official website of the Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention announced that medical institutions in Beijing have recently reported two cases of monkeypox virus infection, one of which is an imported case and the other is an associated case of an imported case. Both cases were infected through close contact.