增加低空可飞空域,民航局:将配合相关部门做好空域分类和低空空域管理改革试点
中新天津生态城,无人机按照指定航线自动完成城市巡检任务;深圳坪山燕子湖会展中心,乘客坐上“空中的士”10几分钟后便可抵达福田CBD……
作为全球竞逐的战略性新兴产业,今年首次写入政府工作报告的“低空经济”正加快融入各行各业,深刻改变人们生产生活,市场规模不断壮大。根据测算,2026年我国低空经济规模有望突破万亿元。
东部通航的直升机准备降落在深圳市中心的大中华直升机场。记者毛思倩摄
低空经济是以有人驾驶和无人驾驶航空器的低空飞行活动为牵引,辐射带动相关领域融合发展的综合性经济形态。涵盖航空器研发制造、低空飞行基础设施建设运营、飞行服务保障等各产业。
发展低空经济,通俗来说,就是把“路”修到“低空”去。在这条新“路”上,同样会出现“路上的‘车’”、“开‘车’的人”和因“路”而兴的产业。
“垂直高度1000米以下的低空空域孕育着广阔发展空间。”中国民航大学低空经济与低空交通研究中心主任覃睿说,低空经济要“飞”起来,首先取决于低空空域资源的开放程度。
2010年,国务院、中央军委印发《关于深化我国低空空域管理改革的意见》,拉开了开发低空资源、促进通航发展的序幕。
2021年2月,低空经济首次写入《国家综合立体交通网规划纲要》;2023年12月,中央经济工作会议把低空经济列入战略性新兴产业;今年全国两会,低空经济被作为“新增长引擎”之一写入政府工作报告,重要性日益凸显。
近年来,在市场需求和政策支持共同推动下,低空经济涉及的农林植保、电力巡检等传统通航作业保持稳步增长,空中游览、航空运动、医疗救护等新业态也在加速发展。
数据显示,截至2023年底,我国已有超126万架无人机,同比增长约32%;全国注册通航企业690家,是2015年的2.5倍。2023年,我国低空经济规模超5000亿元。
1月,我国自主研制的AG60E电动飞机成功首飞;2月,5座eVTOL航空器盛世龙首次实现从深圳到珠海飞行;3月底,国产民用载人飞艇“祥云”AS700完成首次转场飞行……今年以来,低空经济领域新事不断、引人关注。
与此同时,国内很多地方抢抓产业发展机遇,开拓低空经济发展新空间。
在低空空域管理改革试点城市重庆,从航空发动机、无人机整机研发制造,到运营服务、卫星应用,通用航空企业加快全产业链布局,覆盖物流配送、城市治理、空中通勤、应急救援等场景。
在“无人机之都”深圳,低空经济软硬件基础和配套设施加力完善,企业积极布局末端转运节点、社区级无人机起降场,低空经济设施网、空联网、航路网、服务网“四张网”加快构建。
工信部研究机构赛迪顾问4月发布报告预计,2026年我国低空经济规模有望突破万亿元。
今年3月,峰飞航空自主研发的无人驾驶吨级电动垂直起降航空器获得由中国民用航空华东地区管理局颁发的型号合格证,为规模化商业运营打下基础。
记者了解到,为促进低空经济健康发展,国家有关部门围绕装备创新、机场建设、准入管理、服务保障等方面推出一系列支持政策和改革创新举措。其中,中国民航局已批准建立民用无人驾驶航空试验区17个、试验基地3个,覆盖城市、海岛、支线物流、综合应用拓展等场景。
业内人士表示,我国低空经济已初具规模,发展势头良好。作为战略性新兴产业,也不可避免要面临一些“成长的烦恼”。
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“低空经济是飞出来的,安全是发展底线。”中国无人机产业创新联盟副秘书长金伟说,低空飞行器的质量至关重要,要加快构建低成本、高可靠、高性能、高安全的低空装备产品体系;还要在适航审定、安全监管、标准规范制定等方面进一步优化提升,让低空飞行器“看得见、呼得着、管得住”。
前不久,一架载人飞机从重庆龙兴通用机场起飞前往四川自贡,川渝两地跨省低空目视航线首次演示飞行成功。下一步双方将共建共享共用航空信息、低空气象信息等,科学配置低空空域资源,让更多飞行器安全飞起来。
“低空空域资源涉及多个部门,是发展低空经济的基础资源,其开放度、利用率关乎低空经济长远发展。”重庆市经济和信息化委员会装备处副处长平嵩蕊说,低空空域管理改革试点稳步开展,不断落地见效。随着低空飞行活动逐渐增多,低空空域协同管理制度有进一步完善的空间。
记者在一些地方调研发现,当前低空经济产业发展较快的是制造环节,保障、服务等环节相对薄弱。有的地方打造低空经济产业园区,把目光瞄准无人机制造等领域,但由于相关配套设施缺乏、政策不够完善等,新产品、新技术大规模示范应用和商业化发展受到一定制约。
2024年元旦期间,一飞智控科技有限公司的近万架无人机在海内外30多个城市进行编队飞行表演,点亮夜空的同时也带动销售提升。
“对科技型企业来说,为技术找到匹配的应用场景是产品落地的首要因素。”公司董事长齐俊桐建议,统筹空域、市场、技术、政策和安全等要素,有序探索和推广更多应用场景,稳步推动低空经济发展。
业内人士认为,要更好统筹发展与安全,从空域管理、飞行审批、配套设施建设、法规标准体系等方面强化政策支持和安全保障,因地制宜发展好低空经济。
值得关注的是,有受访企业表示,随着低空飞行器数量和航线快速增长,部分低空空域已有些“拥挤”,可能存在一定隐患。
中国民航局有关负责人表示,将配合相关部门做好空域分类和低空空域管理改革试点,增加低空可飞空域;共同加强低空飞行活动服务保障体系建设,持续改善低空飞行活动的计划审批、空管、气象、通信、监视等服务保障。
这位负责人说,针对低空经济发展对基础设施的新需求,将进一步完善通用机场建设和运行标准,推动通用机场和临时起降点建设;提升适航审定能力,优化航空器适航标准、审定模式与技术。同时,迭代升级低空飞行的安全监管体系。
在多地加力布局低空经济的情况下,怎样避免“一哄而上”和同质化竞争?
“川渝地区旅游资源丰富,低空旅游需求和潜力大,应急救援等场景也很广泛,未来将成为两地发展低空经济的着力点和亮点。”上海交通大学重庆临近空间创新研发中心常务副主任王全保说,对地方政府来说,要立足地方资源禀赋,把握民生需求,突出场景特色,依托产业基础定位低空经济发展方向。引导技术、资本、人才等要素资源向重点企业有效集聚,提升产业链现代化水平,带动地方经济发展,打造地方名片。
王全保表示,发展低空经济拼速度更拼耐力,要坐得住冷板凳,潜心做好装备核心技术和低空智联技术攻关,根据经济社会发展需要创新应用场景。
专家建议,还要不断完善法规标准体系,推进国家标准、行业标准、团体标准协同发展,鼓励龙头企业带动上下游企业共同开展标准研究。构建贯穿低空装备研发设计、生产制造、试验验证、运行支持全生命周期的工业标准体系,为低空经济有序发展保驾护航。
“低空经济对通用航空等前沿新兴交叉领域人才需求巨大、要求很高。”覃睿说,目前我国低空经济领域复合型、交叉型人才培养尚处于探索阶段,要加强相关学科建设,深化产教融合,推进高校、科研机构与企业联合精准育才,助力低空经济蓬勃发展。
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